Key Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Impact on Governance

What did Montesquieu believe in regarding government structure?

He believed in a separation of powers.

How did Montesquieu's ideas influence the U.S. Constitution?

His idea of separation of powers inspired many people and played a major role in the creation of the U.S. Constitution.

What significant work did Diderot compile and what was its impact?

Diderot put together an Encyclopedia of works from previous philosophers, which helped spread information.

What were Voltaire's key beliefs?

He believed in freedom of speech and religious tolerance, emphasizing the importance of these for preventing government problems.

What economic philosophy did Physiocrats advocate?

They believed in a laissez-faire economic system, where the government should not interfere in economics.

Who was a notable Physiocrat and what did he explain?

Adam Smith was a notable Physiocrat who explained the theory of laissez-faire and supply and demand.

What replaced Mercantilism in England?

The laissez-faire economic system advocated by Physiocrats replaced Mercantilism.

What geographical advantage did England have during its rise to power?

England was located on an island, making it difficult to be attacked and providing access to the sea.

How did the business climate in England contribute to its economic success?

The favorable business climate allowed for tax revenue from various sources, benefiting businesses and the economy.

What role did victories in conflicts play in England's rise to power?

England's frequent victories in conflicts contributed to its power and influence.

How did the slave trade impact England's economy?

England gained significant wealth from the slave trade.

What was the effect of unification with surrounding peoples on England?

Unification helped England economically and militarily.

What did the Navigation Acts of the 1600s control?

They controlled what businesses could sell and the quantities they could produce.

What was the purpose of the Stamp Act of 1765?

It required all paper-related products to be purchased from England and imposed heavy taxes on them.

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

It was the first major battle that the Americans won, leading to French support against Britain.

What was created in 1781 and why was it ineffective?

The Articles of Confederation were created but were ineffective because they gave all power to the states and none to the federal government.

What major revision occurred in 1787 regarding the U.S. government?

The Constitution was revised to require states to fund the government.

What year was the U.S. Constitution signed?

The Constitution was signed in 1787.