New deal Final

When was Franklin Delano Roosevelt sworn in as president for the first time?

January 1934

True or. False: FDR’s cabinet was sworn in, on-at-a-time, over the course of the first three months of his presidency

False

about what percentage of the nation’s workers were employed when FDR was first inaugurated?

25%

True or False: In order to resolve the national banking crisis, FDR pressed Congress to nationalize all privately owned banks?

False

True or False: FDR"‘s first budget proposal to Congress dramatically increased federal spending?

False

What accurately describes how Congress responded to President Roosevelt’s Policy initiatives during the “100 days”

Congress supported him by taking unusually swift action

When did the scene of suicide, unusually high unemployment, significant stock market decline, ect., that Amity Shaes describes in the “introduction” to The Forgotten Man Take place?

Fall 1937

True or False: According to Amity Shaes, President Herbert Hoover steadfastly opposed any action that would have intervened in the nation’s economic life.

False

True or False: Amity Shlaes notes that a number of FDR’s New Dealers were inspired by the policies of Mussolini’s Italy and Stalin’s Soviet Union?

True

True or False: Amity Sh;aes argues that many New Deal Policies made the Depression worse

True

Who wrote “A History of American Political Theories”, Recent tendencies, and when?

Charles Edward Marriam, 1920

How does this new school of thought described by Marriam ,situate itself?

“The new position is a mean between socialism and extreme individualism” pg 9

How far, according to Marriam, can the state reach?

“The state cannot be limited to restraining individuals from injuring each other, but may justly act positively for the general welfare” pg7

what is the end goal of socialism of the chair according to Marriam?

“The ultimate end of the state is defined a the ‘perfection of humanity, the civilization of the world; the perfect development of human reason” pg 8

How, according to Marriam, has the school of thought changed from the founders?

“the old doctrine has been given up for the theory that the state acts for the general welfare” pg 10

Who wrote Ethics and Economics and when?

Richard T. Ely, 1889

According to Ely in Ethics and Economics, what is modern economic thought mostly concerned with?

“what ought to be. This is the reason why the more recent economic thinkers may be grouped together as the “ethical school” pg18

what according to Ely in Ethics and Economics, is the end of this new political economy?

“It is the most perfect development of all human faculties in each individual, which can be attained” pg 20

Who wrote The foundations of national prosperity and when?

Richard t. Ely, 1917

What does Ely mean by “conservation”

“is a new term to describe the policies which are included within its scope… it means improvement” pg38

How does Ely respond to Lazie fair?

“The mention of competition suggests that, unregulated and uncontrolled, it is very generally speaking destructive alike of human and natural resources and that it is a force which, like the flow of rivers, needs to be bridled and guided to produce socially beneficial results” pg67

Conservation policies, according to Ely, must have their aim at the accomplishment of what three main purposes?

1. Avoid Waste: “Should aim to maintain our resources as far as possible”

2. Increase Progress: “improve them”

3. Distribute correctly: “to secure as high a degree of justice in distribution as may be attained”

Does Ely encourage mandatory, if so why?

Yes, “cultivate a sense of obligation and duty to counterbalance our overdeveloped sense of rights and to unite us into a firm, compact national body.” pg 78

What is the goal of social insurance, according to Ely?

“for those contingencies of life over which the individual has inadequate control” pg 78

What is the association for labor legislation motto?

“The fundemental purpose of labor legislation is the conservation of human resources of the nation”

Civilian Conservation Corps date?

March 31 1933

Agricultural Adjustment Act, establishing a national agricultural policy, with the Thomas amendment conferring on the President powers of monetary expansion. Date

May 12 1933

The Tennessee Valley Authority Act, providing for the unified development of the Tennessee Valley. date

May 18 1933

the National Industrial Recovery Act, providing both for a system of industrial self-government under federal supervision and for a $3.3 billion public works program. Date

June 16 1933

Who wrote the Brains Trust and when?

Rex G. Tugwell, 1968

What two acts did tugwell become a primary architect in?

Tugwell becomes one of the primary architects of AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act) of 1933 and of the NRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) of 1935

When did Tugwell become a member of FDR’s Braint Trust?

March 1932

What are the two different forms of Progressive that Tugwell distinguishes between?

•  he identifies many different kinds of Progressives

  • Orthodox progressives: trust busters who do not favor collectivization (leader Louis Brandeis)

    • Tugwell calls Brandeis “antediluvian” aka pre-flood / ancient 

  • Or the radicals (Tugwell’s position) those who want top down centralized planning -252 

    • “I felt that Roosevelt, had generally accepted the inevitability of collectivization and that he thought the suggestions I had made for the necessary devices and agencies would be a start in an inevitable development” (252) 

Does Tugwell want to restore competition by trust-busting?

No, Tugwell calling for central management economically and socially (219-220) 

• Says we do not want to restore competition but manage it by social planning

Who strongly influenced Tugwell’s Progressive thinking?

• Tugwell tells of Nearing’s influence (Super Race) in footnote 

  • Tugwell says that Nearing’s influence was not the exception and that all progressives were in that line of thought at the time. 

  • Wants Super race to set the standard for public policy / breed a race of men who will set the standard of the world. 

    • Super race philosophy is why Tugwell wanted to “make America over.”

Why doesn’t FDR go third party?

• Working with party regulars to get voters to the polls (loyal dems) and they will in turn expect patronage/reward/spot in FDR’s cabinet

• If he can get an impressive majority in Congress, he can claim to have the people behind him and could do something

• Discipline congress: get people’s support to put pressure on congress 

• FDR placating the regulars; he wants radical change but has to do so wisely. Tugwell critiques FDR’s use of patronage to win power instead of just appointing the ideologically sound radicals.

How is FDR inspired by Tammany Hall?

• 248: mayor of NY, Jimmy Walker, is a Tammany guy, corrupt

  • Walker is corrupt but influential in turning out votes. 

  • FDR could call out Walker and Tammany hall but he doesn't because he realizes that Tammany is influential 

    • Walker loved by the people and FDR recognizes this

  • Tammany can mobilize voters quickly 

• FDR wants to make govt do what Tammany is doing

  • 248: “People on relief would have no need for Tammany” 

    • AKA Social Security Act of 1935 would provide for unemployment 

    • FDR not trying to make voters independent but trying to take power out of bosses hands by putting it into the government’s hands.

      • The party that provides the most for the people will have the largest following

What was the Date of FDR’s First inauguration

March 4, 1933

What does FDR address in his inaugural

• Addresses grim circumstance of the depression 

  1. Unemployment

  2. Overbalance of population 

• Happiness lies in in joy of achievement, have to abandon the mad chase for profit 

• How will he address these problems?

  1. overbalance of pop. through a national scale redistribution 

  2. Provide a better use for land 

  3. Through national planning, federal relief programs 

• Language of sacrifice and war

  1. “We must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrfice for the good of a common discipline” 

• Willing to depart from normal balance and ask for broad executive power to wage war against the emergency as if it were a foreign foe.

• Threatens congress because of his sweeping victory in 1932

who wrote “They Have Been Given a Chance,” In the Name of Liberalism: Illiberal Social Policy in the USA and Britain”?

Desmond King

What was the overarching policy initiative for the CCC?

• The policy: a form of unemployment relief Married with Conservation

  1. Totalitarian countries are doing this as well

  2. Colonies: The new encyclopedia of social reform) the target audience is young unskilled unemployed men

What were the Standards in Pickking men for the CCC?

• Standards: target population stressing moral character

  1. “Young men of character–clean-cut, purposeful, and ambitious’, since it was deemed to be a ‘privilege’ to participate in the corps” pg 283

  2. “‘Character’ as the ‘basic to the success of the whole undertaking’” pg 283

What were the living arrangements like in the CCC?

• The Living Arrangements 

  1. Militaristic communal living 

  2. Not just seeking that they participate in manual labor, but also in mental, moral, and social faculties. Thus creating an environment for them to cultivate these faculties

How did the author describe Unity in the CCC?

• Unity 

  1. “During the moments they stand in attention, they know they are more than individuals; they are a part of that camp, they are a part of a big organization working to preserve the health and wealth of America; they are citizens of the United States” pg 293

  2. Deliberate policy of breaking down individuals

  3. Shaping the character of men to glorify the collective

Who wrote “Social Methods of the Tennessee Valley Authority,” and when"?

Arthur E. Morgan 1935