Comparing Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Science with Susanna These flashcards cover the key comparisons and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including their structures, functions, and genetic organization.

What do both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have in common?

DNA, cell membranes, ribosomes, cell walls (in some), and cytoskeleton elements.

How many chromosomes do bacteria typically have?

Bacteria typically have 1 chromosome of ~3000 genes, which forms a circle.

What are plasmids in bacteria?

Small extra circles of DNA with just a few genes each.

How many genes do humans have and how are they organized?

Humans have ~25,000 genes organized on 46 linear strands.

What is a key difference between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Bacterial ribosomes are slightly different than eukaryotic ribosomes.

Why is the difference in ribosomes important?

It is important when prescribing antibiotics that affect bacterial protein synthesis.

What types of organisms have a cell wall?

Cell walls are found in fungi, plants, and bacteria, but not in protists or animals.

What are the similarities in cytoskeletal elements between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Bacterial cytoskeletal elements are similar, but not the same proteins as found in eukaryotes.

What do photosynthetic bacteria contain?

Photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll pigments, but not chloroplasts.

Where are electron transport chain proteins found in bacteria?

In their cell membrane, since they lack mitochondria.

What cellular structures do eukaryotes possess that prokaryotes do not?

Eukaryotes have a nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts (in plants).

What is the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes?

Mitochondria.

Which organelles are exclusive to plants among eukaryotes?

Chloroplasts.