Practicum and Observation Final

history of SLP

field began emerging in 20th century

first woman to get Ph.D in com dis

Sarah M at University of Wisconsin

when did university of wisconsin establish first speech clinic

in 1915

CCC

certificate of clinical competence, primary credentials awarded by American Speech Language Hearing Association

speech language pathology (CCC-SLP) requirements

requires completion of undergrad and grad, pass national exam, completing 9 mo. CFY under certified clinician.

Audiology (CCC-A) requirements:

requires undergrad and clinical doctorate program, and passing national written exam.

ASHA’s Big 9

Articulation, fluency, voice and resonance, receptive and expressive language, hearing, swallowing, cognitive aspects, social aspects (pragmatics), and communication modalities

articulation

production of speech sounds using articulators (ex. teeth, tongue)

fluency

flow of speech disruptions characterized by stuttering

voice and resonance

production and modification of sound during speech, involving respiration and phonation

receptive and expressive language

comprehension and production of language

hearing

its impact on speech and language

swallowing

assessment and treatment of dysphagia

cognitive aspects

cognitive processes affecting communication

social aspects (pragmatics)

use of language in social contexts, including rules of verbal and non-verbal communication

communication modalities

various methods of communication beyond speech, including augmentative and alternative communication

antecedent

internal/external trigger that precedes a behavior

behavior

observable, discrete, and measurable action or response triggered by the antecedent

consequence

immediate outcome following the behavior, which can reinforce or decrease the likelihood of future occurences

therapy involves two main facets

techniques and activities

direct modeling

clinician demos target behavior for imitation

indirect modeling

frequent, accurate demo the target behavior for imitation

shaping by successive approximation

breaking down behaviors into easier steps leading toward the target

prompts

verbal or nonverbal cues to encourage correct behavior

fading

gradual reduction of prompts or reinforcements

expansion

clinician reformulates client utterances into more complete version

negative practice

client produces errors intentionally to enhance awareness

target-specific feedback

providing focused info on response accuracy

medical diagnoses

underlying conditions (parkinsons, autism, cerebral palsy)

communicative diagnoses

specific speech/ language issues arising from medical diagnoses (ex. language delay, artic disorder, non-verbal status)

ICF (International classification of functioning disability and health)

ICF offers holistic, person-centered framework that integrates health status

long term goals

broad, overall desired outcomes w/o numeric specificity

behavioral objectives (short-term goals)

specific, observable, and measurable steps toward long-term goals with 4 components

do statement

observable action (articulate, imitate)

condition

circumstances under which behavior is performed.

criterion

performance standard (90% accuracy)

consistency

duration or frequency of maintained behavior (across 3 sessions)

clinician-directed

least natural; clinician controls activities, goals, reinforcements, and targets (drill, drill play)

hybrid approaches

combination where clinician selects activities but targets spontaneous client behavior (ex. milieu teaching)

client-centered

most natural; therapy occurs in authentic settings with the clinician following the clients lead through waiting, interpreting, and responding

data collection and analysis

developing customized data forms early in therapy, recording observable responses, using measurement methods, employing visual data displays, addressing challenges like managing data

S in SOAP stands for

subjective

s-subjective

clinicians observations and opinions on client participation and behavior (john appeared tired)

O in SOAP stands for

objective

o-objective

measurable data and factual info about clients performance and cue levels (20 yes/no questions w/ 70% accuracy)

A in SOAP stands for

Assessment

A-assessment

interpretation of data, noting progress or challenges w/o restating facts (demonstrated improved spontaneous speech attempts)

P in SOAP stands for

plan

P-plan

recommendations for future therapy actions, referrals, or homework (continue treatment plan; refer to OT for positioining)