FURNITURE (copy)

Design

Should be deliberate or intentional and should involve careful, organized and systematic logical thinking and planning; it is not confined to drawing lines or making marks and sketches.

Designer

The person who devises or executes designs; This person prepares an in-depth analysis of the design problem and then recommends relevant solutions until finally a final design

Creativity

Means to make something out of nothing

Intuitive techniques

It is based on the principle of free association and gives no restriction to imagination

Brainstorming

Aims at setting off the forces by directly approaching the subconscious creative part of the human mind

Brain writing

It was developed from experience with brainstorming session, aimed at increasing the output from brainstorming

Alphabetical listing

This is the direct way of having 26 or more ideas that pertain to the problem

Synectics

Combines differently, seemingly unrelated elements. The creative process as a subconscious activity of the mind is being deliberately stimulated

Delphi method

Generates new ideas by solving the problem in a riddle-like or puzzle-like technique

Inversion

Instead of thinking about how can you improve a situation, It is where you think about how you could make it worse

Description by association

Instead of offering a description of something by recording what you read in the dictionary, It is where you associate it with something else, preferably something familiar

Morphology

It redefines the problem first to an underlying more basic problem and then split up into its elements or sub-problems which can be varied independently from each other

Bionics

Technique that does not aim at stimulating the creative idea generating process, but systematically examines and analyzes objects of nature for possible adaptation as solution to some technical problems

Functional visualization

Instead of thinking about what an object will look like, it is where you think about what function it will perform

Problem area analysis and function analysis

A comprehensive problem is split up into more and more minute sub- problems until the whole problem has become a network of interrelated problems

Structural form development

This makes use of the basic outline of the furniture as a grid

Morphological form development

Makes use of previous designs and basis of improvements

Geometric form development

Variations on geometric forms-size, shape, color, proportions, madd, number, or arrangement can spark new ideas

Form development based on nature

It is where nature often provides inspiration for fresh and exciting ideas

Form development based from various sources

Design ideas that is based on various sources other than nature

Arts and crafts movement

Originated as an anti-industrial reaction and also stood for economic form

Classic contemporary style

This innocuous style is recognizable through the use of simplified shape, a mix of soft and smooth textures

Contemporary style

A combination of the old and new ideals. Some contemporary ideas are influenced by nature, futuristic style and cutting edge aspects; others lean towards industrial, technical and oversimplified style

Country style

Have a cozy and quaint feel to them, the palette is a mixture of colors and prints. Distressed wood is frequently used, as well as antiques that have an old barn or farmhouse vibe

Eclectic style

Possibly the most difficult decor to describe. It is essentially a combination of all other styles; matching myriad styles is heavily encouraged, typically incorporating vintage and bright colors

Modern style

This style originated in the 1900 both the bauhaus movement, an architectural and visual ideal where form and function came together. During this era, furniture was starting to be mass produced in a manner that was sing to the eye

Rustic style

Furniture comprised partly or wholly of locally found materials suh as bark, roots, branches, burls, and other natural forms define the unique way this style is construction

Shabby chic style

Originated from Britain, this style relies mainly on flea market finds that are usually refinished. "Popular decor items are pillows made of vintage barkcloth fabric, vintage linens, chenille bedspreads, vintage chandeliers, and anything with roses on it" ; also called cottage style

Traditional style

Regal and often detailed furnishings from a variety of different time periods. Considered classic and exudes an ageless feel

Transitional style

The offspring of traditional and contemporary furniture, which take aspects from color and finish, as well as materials and fabrics

Tuscan style

Inspired by the hills of Italy, patricularly Tuscany. Some hallmarks of popular style include aged finish, iron scrollwork and intricate patterns

Rules

It is used both for measuring and for making straight lines. Example of this area rigid rule, folding rule, and flexible rule

Squares

Used when testing for right angles or checking "squares" as well as for marking

Marking gauge

A combination of marking and measuring device. The distance is set from the point to guide with a rule

Calipers

Used to measure "diameters"

Crosscut saw

It is used for cutting wood across the grain

Ripsaw

It is used for cutting wood along the grain or ripping. It has a chisel teeth

Coping saw

Used for cutting curves in thin wood. It is not intended for sawing straight lines

Hand plane

Used for making wood surfaces smooth and flat

Katam

Tagalog term for Hand plane

Spoke shave

Used by old blacksmiths and wagon makers for shaping spokes for wooden wheel

Files

Used for smoothing curves usually on the edges of stock, following joints in wood for shaping edges

Chisel

Used for fitting joints in wood

Paet

Tagalog term for Chisel

Gouges

Chisels with hollow blades used in roughing out concave turns

Augerbrace and bit

Combination of auger brace and auger bit. It is used for boring halos 1/4 inch and larger. The brace is also used with other tool, such as counter sinks and screw driver bits

Hand drill

Used for drilling small holes, usually not larger than 1/4 inch

Screw driver

It is used to drive screws, but the tool is so handy for opening paint cans, prying open boxes, and such that the manufacturer usually make them rugged enough to do this

Distornilyador

Tagalog term of Screw driver

Standard screw driver

A flat tip screw driver

Phillips screwdriver

Has an x-shaped tip screw driver

Spiral ratchet screwdriver

A type of screw driver that relies on a pushing force rather than a twisting force

Machine tools

Tools that require power supplied forces other than humans

Jigsaw

Resembles a power-driven coping saw. It is designed especially for cutting line curves and details in stock up to approximately in an inch thickness. Also called scroll saw

Band saw

Has an endless blade traveling around two pulleys. It cuts curves and straight lines in thin as well as in thick stock.

Circular saw

A power driven rotary cutting tool with toothed circular blade. It can perform cross cutting, ripping, mitering, rabbeting and with attachments core cutting, tapering, dadoing and shaping. Also called bench or table saw

Radial armsaw

An upside-down saw. The motor and blade are suspended above the worktable rather than below it.

Power Planer

Power-driven tool that smoothens flat surface

Drill press

Originally designed for accurate and quick drilling of holes. With some attachments now available, it can be used for boring, routing, shaping and counter sinking.

Wood lathe

Machine in which wood is shaped into round cylindrical shapes such as bowls, lamps and table legs.

Spindle shaper

Specialized in cutting shaped edges, moldings, picture frame stock and the like.

Sanding machine

Used to smooth surfaces of wood by abrasion with sand paper.

Electric drill

Designed primarily for drilling and boring. But with attachments, this could also be used as sanders, buffers, polishers and drivers.

Electric handsaw

A portable circular saw especially useful for crass cutting; ripping and mitering

Router shaper

A portable shaper that is moved through the work instead of the work being moved through the cutter as in the regular shaper

Wood

Is the most prevalent raw material for furniture industries. It is the fibrous material made up of dead cells that are part of the vascular system of some plants

Lumber

Timber sawn or split in the form of beams , boards, joists, planks, especially smaller than heavy timber

Softwood

Coniferous or cone-bearing, needle-leafed, usually evergreen tree

Hardwood

These are deciduous or broad-leafed trees

Narra

Most expensive, used for furniture and panelings, for expensive floorings, door panels, stairs and plywood veneer and facings

Yacal and guijo

Both hardwoods, used for posts and girders, or jambs attached to concrete and also for wooden decks having flooring and railings exposed to weather

Pine benguet

Softwood, used for panelings, sidings, flooring and furniture. Yellowish in color

Tanguile and Apitong

The most common lumber in the market. Used generally for framings, joists, trusses, nailers etc. It is the Philippine mahogany

White and red lauan

For framings, chests, jewel boxes

Kamagong

Hardwood that has dark grains that is also used for chests, jewel boxes, stair frames; benches, and stools

Dao

Light brown with dark brown bands that has a greenish tinge. Used for panelings and plywood veneer

Almaciga

Similar to pine and used for paneling

Oak

Light and grayish brown to reddish-brown wood

Maple

Creamy white to light reddish-brown; frequently straight-grained and tiny wood pores

Walnut

Light gray brown to dark purple brown. Wide variety of plain and highly figured patterns. Very strong and stable, only moderately heavy and stiff, good shock resistance

Pine

Cream color to light reddish brown wood with visible resin canals and growth rings

Birch

Creamy white to light reddish-brown; extremely small pores

Cherry

Light to dark reddish-brown; straight grain and small individual pores. Moderately hard and heavy

Ash

Grayish through creamy white through to a reddish-dark brown wood. Distinct straight grains and open pores

Mahogany

Yellowish-brown through reddish brown to dark red wood

Beech

Very light brown HARDWOOD. distinct STRAIGHT GRAIN And open pores. Turns well and is easily worked; commonly used as BENTWOOD.

Poplar

Light yellow to brownish yellow with green tinge

Pecan

Creamy white to reddish brown, occasional dark streaks and large wood pores.

Very heavy, closed-grain, hard and strong.

Elm

Light brown to dark brown often containing shades of red; straight grain pattern with obvious light and dark boundaries

Fir

creamy white to yellowish with obvious differences between spring and summer growth rings.

Redwood

deep reddish-brown with obvious alternating spring and summer growth rings.

Cedar

Light red with light colored streaks running throughout; knotty pattern and other natural markings are always present

Sycamore

pale reddish-brown; obvious wide growth pattern and small wood pores

Butternut

pale to dark brown with occasional red streaks running throughout; large open wood pores

Basswood

creamy white to creamy brown with frequent reddish markings; faint growth rings and broad wood raise which are darker than the background wood.

1. Strength and related properties of toughness, rigidity and hardness

2. Workability

3. Drying properties and its related tendency in shrinking and swelling

4. Bending qualities

5. Grain structure and figure patterns

6. Finishing

7. Resistance to weathering and insect damage

The considerations on picking timber

Sun drying ( natural drying or air drying)

Lumber is strip-piled at a slope on a solid foundation to allow air to circulate around every piece while sloping allows water to run off quickly

Kiln drying

Done in a dry kiln where lumber is artificially dried to the correct moisture content. Used for more expensive lumber

S1S

Surfaced one side; used for framing

S2S

Surfaced two sides; used for framing