Unit 4 Vocab

Assoiciative learning

Learning that certain events occur together

Classical Conditioning

We learn to associate two stimuli thus to anticipate events

Behaviorism

studies behavior without mental processes

Instrumental Learning

producing a desired result by conditioning(rewards or punishments)

Law Of Effect

favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Learning

Refers to relatively permanent change to behavior or knowledge that is due to experience.

Operant Conditioning

Changing behavior or associating actions in response to consequences.

Observational Learning

Learning by Watching others in a social context

Acquisition

initial stage of learning or conditioning

Learned Helpnessness

Decrease in responding that occurs after exposure to uncontrollable aversion events

Conditioned Response

A Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus

An originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Extinction

The diminishing of a conditioned response. If the Unconditioned Stiumlus goes away with the conditioned stimulus then the conditioned response goes away

Neural Stimulus

a stimulus which does not trigger a response

Spontaneous Recovery

A return of the conditioned reponse despite a lack of or pause of further conditioning

Discrimination

The Learned ability to only respond to a specific stimuli

Generalization

The tendency to have conditoned responses triggered by related stimuli

Taste Aversion

The avoidance of a certain food following a period of illness after consuming that food

Unconditioned Stimulus

a stimulis which triggers a response naturally

Unconditioned Reponse

an unlearned naturally occurring reponse to an unconditioned stimulus

Insight Learning

sudden awareness of the solution to a problem

Higher Order Conditioning

A new neutral stimulus can become a new conditioned stimulus. It just needs to become associated with a previously conditioned stimulus

Continous Reinforcement

Giving a reward Every Single time

Negative Reinforcement

taking away something unpleasant/undesirable after a response

Negative Punishment

take away something pleasant or desired

Partial/Intermittent Reinforcement

Giving reward part of the time

Positive Reinforcement

adding something pleasurable after a response

Positive Punishment

Adding something Unplesant

Primary Reinforcer

Unlearned innately reinforcing stimulus

Punishment

Consequences that make target behavior less likely to occur in the furue

Reinforcement

Anything that will increase the likelihood of that behavior or reponse to occur

Secondary Reinforcer

Get thier power through learned association w/ primary reinforcers.

Shaping

Reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer expectations of the desired behavior

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs but its not apparent until there is a reason to demonstrate it

Acqusition ( Operant Conditioning)

Associating reponse with a consequence

Extinction (Operant Conditioning)

Responding decreases when reinfocement stops

Spontaneous recovery (Operant Conditioning)

The reapprance, after a rest period, of an extinguished reponse

Genralization (Operant Conditioning)

Organisms’ reponse to similaral stimuli are also reinforced.

Discrimination

Organisims learn that certain responses, but not others, will be reinforced

Fixed Interval Schedule

Reinforced a reponse only after a specified time has elapsed

Fixed Ratio Schedule

Reinforced a reponse only after a specified # of responses

Variable Interval Schedule

Reinforce a reponse at unpredictable time intervals

Variable Ratio Schedule

Reinforce a response after an unpredictable # of responses.