Lecture 8.1 – Classes of Joints

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26 vocabulary flashcards covering structural and functional joint classifications, specific fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joint terminology, and related anatomical features.

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26 Terms

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Fibrous joint

Structural joint in which bones are united by fibrous connective tissue, have no joint cavity, and allow little or no movement.

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Cartilaginous joint

Structural joint in which two bones are united by a pad of cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage).

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Synovial joint

Joint containing a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid; permits the greatest range of movement.

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Synarthrosis

Functional classification for a non-movable joint.

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Amphiarthrosis

Functional classification for a slightly movable joint.

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Diarthrosis

Functional classification for a freely movable joint.

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Suture

Fibrous joint where skull bones interdigitate and are connected by a sutural ligament.

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Sutural ligament

Two periostea plus dense fibrous connective tissue that bind bones in a suture.

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Synostosis

A suture that has ossified completely in the adult skull.

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Fontanel

Membranous gap between skull bones in infants allowing head molding and brain growth.

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Syndesmosis

Fibrous joint in which bones are farther apart than in a suture and joined by ligaments; allows limited movement.

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Interosseous membrane

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue linking the shafts of adjacent bones (e.g., radius and ulna).

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Radioulnar syndesmosis

Example of a syndesmosis formed by the interosseous membrane between radius and ulna.

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Gomphosis

Peg-in-socket fibrous joint that anchors a tooth root within its alveolus.

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Periodontal ligament

Dense connective tissue that holds a tooth in its socket in a gomphosis.

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Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums that can progress to periodontal disease.

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Periodontal disease

Inflammatory condition affecting periodontal ligaments and surrounding tooth structures.

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Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint united by hyaline cartilage; usually allows little or no movement and may be temporary or permanent.

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Epiphyseal plate

Temporary hyaline cartilage synchondrosis between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing long bone.

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Costochondral joint

Joint between a rib and its costal cartilage; begins as a synchondrosis and may develop into a synovial joint.

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Sphenooccipital synchondrosis

Temporary hyaline cartilage joint between sphenoid and occipital bones that ossifies after growth.

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Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint in which bones are united by fibrocartilage, allowing slight movement.

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Symphysis pubis

Fibrocartilaginous joint uniting the two pubic bones; example of a symphysis.

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Intervertebral disc

Fibrocartilaginous pad forming symphyses between adjacent vertebral bodies.

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Synovial fluid

Viscous fluid within synovial joints that lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage.

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Appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and girdles that contain most synovial joints, reflecting greater mobility than the axial skeleton.