Gas exchange

Name the two muscles in the thorax that help with breathing

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

What is labelled A

Bronchus

What is labelled B

Lung

What is labelled c

Diaphragm

What is labelled d

Trachea

What is labelled e

Bronchiole

What is labelled f

Alvioli

What do the intercostal muscles and diaphragm do to help the inhalation of air

The intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs up and out

The diaphragm contracts, pulling down and out

This increases the volume of the thorax

Does increasing the volume of the thorax lower or increase the pressure

Lowers the pressure

Why does lowering the pressure in the thorax result in breathing

It creates a vacuum in which air rushes into the lungs, filling them up

What are three adaptations that the alveoli have for gas exchange

They are round - increases surface area

There are a lot of them - increases surface area

They are one cell thing - lowers diffusion distance for gas exchange

Define emphysema

Caused from smoking, when the walls in the alvioli start to break down, this lowers the surface area

What is caused from smoking which breaks down the walls of the alvioli and lowers their surface area

Emphysema

What are three symptoms from emphysema

Higher breathing rates

Feeling tired

Lung cancer

Define coronary heart disease

When cholesterol fills up in the arteries which decreases blood flow, increases blood pressure and causes blood clots

Why does smoking increase the risk of coronary heart disease

It increases cholesterol deposit in the coronary arteries

What is the investigation to measure the effects of heart rate on breathing in humans

Count how many inhales per minute, then do exercise and count how many inhales per minute.