Chemistry PP #11

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Vaporization

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25 Terms

1

Vaporization

the process by which a solid or liquid changes to a gas

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2

Boiling

vaporization in which the liquid particles change into a gas throughout the entire liquid

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3

Evaporation

vaporization in which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter the gaseous state. Occurs only on the liquid’s surface but at any temperature.

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4

Normal Boiling Point

the temperature at which a liquid boils at one atmosphere of pressure (760mm Hg)

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5

Sublimation

process by which a solid turns directly to a gas without passing throughout the liquid state

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6

Deposition

process by which a gas turns directly into a solid without passing through the liquid state

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7

Heat of vaporization/condensation

amount of heat required to vaporize or condense one gram of a liquid at its boiling point

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8

Heat of fusion/crystallization

the amount of heat required to melt or freeze one gram of solid at its melting point

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9

Pressure

the force applied divided by the surface area of application (P = F/A) (pascal)

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10

atmospheric pressure

the pressure exerted by the atmosphere around us which is also called air pressure of barometric pressure

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11

normal atmospheric pressure/air pressure

the average pressure at sea-level, which equal to the pressure that will support a column of mercury 760 mm tall; also called one atmosphere or standard pressure

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12

standard temperature and pressure

the conditions most often used in chemistry to study or test a chemical

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13

vapor pressure

the pressure of the vapor in contact with its liquid in a sealed container

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14

equilibrium vapor pressure

an indication of a liquid’s evaporation rate. It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid. A substance with a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as volatile. Many organic compounds have high numbers of this and are called volatile organic compounds.

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15

phase diagram

a common way to represent the various phases of a substance and the conditions under which each phase exists

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16

triple point

at this temperature and pressure, three phases can coexist at equilibrium

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17

critical point

at a temperature above critical temperature, and a pressure above the critical pressure, it is no longer possible to distinguish between the gas and liquid phases

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18

density

a measure of the concentration of matter

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19

solution concentration

the amount of substance in a given volume or mass of the mixture. The units are moles per volume.

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20

Molarity

the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

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21

equilibrium

a balance of two opposing forces occurring at equal rates in the same closed system

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22

physical equilibrium

can occur in a closed container of any water solution. The opposing forces or processes are evaporation and condensation

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23

reversible reactions

reactions that can run in both directions

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24

equilibrium constant expression

also called law of mass action; is a ratio of molar concentrations of products divided by reactants; used to determine relative concentrations of reactants and products for a reaction at equilibrium

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25

Le Chatelier’s Principle

if an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the position of the equilibrium will shift in a direction that reduces this stress

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