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Autotrophic
An organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are autotrophs.
Heterotrophic
Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming other organisms.
Diet
total nutrition we need
Balanced diet
a diet that contains the combinations of foods that provide the proper proportions of nutrients
malnutrition
lack of proper nutrition
Dietry fibre
It helps you digest your food. Stops constipation.
Fortifiers
Substances added to increase the nutrient value of the food.
Additives
a substance added to something in small quantities, typically to improve or preserve it.
residues
increase food production
Food bomb calorimeter
calculates energy value in food
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy output
dynamic action of food
energy deman simply caused by eating.
nutritions
The process by which your body takes in and uses food
Mastication
the process of chewing
bolus
A soft mass of chewed food.
digestion
Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used
hydrolysis reaction
A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water
salivary amylase
Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch to maltose
Hydrogencarbonate
regulates pH
Oesophagus (gullet)
Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. Food moves along by peristalsis.
peristalisis
Wavelike movement that moves food through the digestive system
hydrocholic acid
provides acidic condition for pepsin and dentures enzymes in harmful microorganisms
chyme
the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.
bile
A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
Transamination
converts amino acids into other that the body requires.
Deamination
amino part of amino acids is removed.
Detoxification
breadown of toxins ex alcohol.
pesticide
a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals, concentrated in the food chains and may harm the top consumer
fertilisers
Chemicals added to soil to provide the nutrients needed for plant growth. Nitrate and phosphates leach into water supply.
Antibodies
Rrevent infection of cattle and poultry, may lead to antibiotic-resistant strains of microbes.
Hormones
Oestrogen used to boost growth rate of chickens - human males develop feminine characteristics.
Vitamin D
Found in eggs and liver, deficiency leads to rickets (soft bones).
Vitamin C
Found in lemon, deficiency leads to scurvy.
Iron
Found in red meat, deficiency leads to anemia.
Calcium
Found in milk, deficiency leads to weak bones and teeth.
Kwashiorkor
A disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, and influenza.
Murasmus
General starvation, body tissue broken down.
Ingestion
Intake of food
Mechanical digestion
Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
Chemical digestion
Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use
Absorption
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
Assimilation
food is moved into cells
Egestion
The removal of nonsoluble waste materials, faeces.
Alimentary canal
the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
accessory organs
fulfill a specific function during digestion
salivary glands / mouth function
produce saliva, mechanical breakdown, amylase turn starch to maltose, food is turned to bolus.
oesophagus
Muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach
Gall bladder
stores bile
duodenum
first part of the small intestine, semi-liquid food is mixed with pancreatic juices
Pancreas
produces digestible enzymes; amylase, trypsin, lipase.
Ileum
Longest part of the small intestine; digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymhatic system
Large intestine
Absorbs water and forms feces
