Chapter 2 - Psychological health summarized

Psychological health encompasses ___?

more than a single state of normality. Psychological diversity is valuable among groups of people

Defining psychological health as the presence of wellness means that to be healthy you must strive to ____?

fulfill your potential

Maslow’s definition of psychological health centred on?

self-actualization, the highest level in his hierarchy of needs. Self-actualized people have high self- esteem and are realistic, inner-directed, authentic, capable of emotional intimacy, and creative.

Crucial parts of psychological wellness include?

developing an adult identity, establishing intimate relationships, and developing values and purpose in life

A sense of self-esteem develops during?

childhood

how does sense of self-esteem develope during childhood?

as a result of giving and receiving love and learning to accomplish goals. Self-concept is challenged every day; healthy people adjust their goals to their abilities

what an alternate method to defense mechanism?

Using defence mechanisms to cope with problems can make finding solutions harder. Analyzing thoughts and behaviour can help people develop less defensive and more effective ways of coping.

what is a pessimistic outlook?

A pessimistic outlook can be damaging; it can be overcome by developing more realistic self-talk

what does honest communication require?

requires recognizing what needs to be said and
saying it clearly. Assertiveness enables people to insist on their rights and to participate in the give-and-take of good communication

why are people lonely?

People may be lonely if they haven’t developed ways to be happy on their own or if they interpret being alone as a sign of rejection. Lonely people can take action to expand their social contacts

how do you successfully deal with anger?

• Be assertive, not angry: Stay firm but avoid unnecessary anger.

• Manage your rage: Reframe your thoughts and distract yourself to stay calm.

• Handle others' anger wisely: Focus on solving the problem, not matching their emotions.

People with psychological disorders have symptoms severe enough to ___?

interfere with daily living

what is anxiety?

Anxiety is a fear that is not directed toward any definite threat. Anxiety disorders include simple phobias, social phobias, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder

what is depression?

Depression is a common mood disorder; loss of interest or pleasure in things seems to be a universal symptom. Severe depression carries a high risk of suicide, and seeking professional help for these feelings and thoughts is crucial.

what are symptoms of mania?

Symptoms of mania include exalted moods with unrealistically high self-esteem, little need for sleep, and rapid speech. Mood swings between mania and depression characterize bipolar disorder

what is Schizophrenia characterized by?

is characterized by disorganized thoughts, inappropriate emotions,
delusions, auditory hallucinations, and deteriorating social and work performance

what does the The biological model emphasize?

emphasizes that the mind’s activity depends on the brain,
whose composition is genetically determined. Therapy based on the biological model is primarily pharmacological

what does The behavioural model focus on?

focuses on overt behaviour and treats psychological problems as bad habits. Behaviour change is the focus of therapy

• Overt behavior = any action or reaction that can be observed and measured

what does the cognitive model consider?

considers how ideas affect behaviour and feelings; behaviour
results from complicated attitudes, expectations, and motives, not just from simple reinforcements. Cognitive therapy focuses on changing a person’s thinking

what does the The psychodynamic model assert?

asserts that false ideas are fed by unconscious ideas and cannot be addressed directly. Treatment is based on psychotherapy.

where can you find help if you need it?

Help is available in a variety of forms, including self-help, peer counselling, support groups, and therapy with a mental health professional. For serious problems, professional help may be the most appropriate