EMT State 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Protocols

Mandated Reporting Guidelines

Child abuse; elder abuse; domestic violence; sexual assault; gunshot/stab wounds; communicable diseases

Signs of Hypoglycemia

Shaking; sweating; hunger; confusion; slurred speech; seizures; onset in minutes

Signs of Hyperglycemia

Thirst; frequent urination; fruity breath; nausea; Kussmaul breathing; onset over hours/days

Recovery Position

Used for unconscious patients to maintain airway and prevent aspiration

Best Position for Breathing Difficulty

Fowler's or High Fowler's (sitting upright)

Adult Respiratory Rate

12-20 breaths per minute

Infant Pulse Rate

120-150 beats per minute

Normal Adult Blood Pressure

Approximately 120/80 mmHg

Signs of Allergic Reaction

Hives; itching; swelling; wheezing; hypotension; GI upset

Common Allergens

Nuts; shellfish; insect stings; latex; penicillin

Asthma Physical Response

Bronchoconstriction; inflammation; mucus production; wheezing; accessory muscle use

Effect of Advanced Directives

May withhold resuscitation or other interventions per valid DNR/living will

Gallbladder Function?

Stores bile; located in the right upper quadrant

Spleen Function?

Filters blood; helps fight infection; located in left upper quadrant

Pelvic Bones

Ilium; ischium; pubis

Purpose of EMT Protocols

Ensure standardized, safe, and legal medical care

Standing Orders

Pre-approved treatments EMTs may administer without physician contact

Signs of Patent Airway

Patient speaking; clear breath sounds; normal chest rise

Cervical Vertebrae Count

7 (C1-C7)

Lumbar Spine Location

Lower back (L1-L5)

Treatment for Partial Airway Obstruction

Encourage coughing, provide oxygen, monitor

Treatment for Severe Choking (conscious)

Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich)

Nosebleed Management

Sit up, lean forward, pinch nostrils for 10-15 minutes; apply ice optional

Infant

Respiratory Rate 30–60 bpm, Pulse Rate 100–160 bpm ,Systolic BP 70–95 mmHg

School-age

6-12age, Respiratory Rate 15–30 bpm, 70–120 bpm Pulse Rate, Pulse Rate 100–160 bpm ,Systolic BP 80–120 mmHg

Adult

(19–40 yrs) 12–20 bpm Respiratory Rate, 60–100 bpm Pulse Rate, Systolic BP 120/80 mmHg