Canine Toxins

These flashcards cover essential information about various canine toxins, their components, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment.

What are the primary toxic components in chocolate for dogs?

Methylxanthines, primarily theobromine and to a lesser extent caffeine.

What are the clinical signs of chocolate toxicity in dogs?

Vomiting, diarrhea, polydipsia, restlessness, agitation, tachycardia, hyperthermia, ataxia, and seizures.

How is chocolate toxicity diagnosed in dogs?

Based on recent exposure history and clinical signs.

What is the mechanism of toxicosis for raisins and grapes in dogs?

Renal tubular necrosis.

What are the clinical signs of raisin or grape toxicity?

Dehydration, abdominal pain, vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, oliguria/anuria.

What is the toxic component in garlic and onions?

Thiosulfinate, specifically dipropyl sulfides.

What are the clinical signs of garlic or onion toxicity in dogs?

Lethargy, weakness, pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, hemoglobinuria.

What is the toxic component in sugar-free gum that affects dogs?

Xylitol.

What occurs as a result of xylitol ingestion in dogs?

Rapid, dose-dependent insulin release causing hypoglycemia.

What are the clinical signs of marijuana toxicity in dogs?

Dilated pupils, ataxia, tremors, CNS depression.

What are the common human NSAIDs that can be toxic to dogs?

Ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen.

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity from human NSAIDs?

Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, blocking the production of prostaglandins.

What are the clinical signs of rodenticide toxicity?

Depression, loss of appetite, pale mucous membranes, bleeding from eyes and nose.

What is the treatment approach for warfarin toxicity?

Decontamination and administration of Vitamin K1 for 2-4 weeks.

How do alkaline chemicals from batteries affect dogs?

They cause corrosive injuries to tissues through liquefaction necrosis.

What should be done immediately after battery exposure?

Drink water or milk; do not induce vomiting.