exam 3 more simplified

section 1

section 1

Functions of the nervous system

Detect stimuli and create responses

Organs of the nervous system

Brain spinal cord nerves

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves throughout the body

Neuron

Cell that sends signals

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that allow neurons to communicate

Presynaptic cell

Sends the signal

Postsynaptic cell

Receives the signal

What makes neurons unique

High energy use non-mitotic generate action potentials

Cell body

Contains nucleus and organelles

Dendrites

Receive signals

Axon

Sends signals

Axon terminal

Releases neurotransmitters to target cells

Myelin sheath

lipid rich substance Insulates axons for faster signals

Node of Ranvier

Gap in myelin sheath where signals jump

Gray matter

Neuron bodies and dendrites

White matter

Myelinated axons

Sensory neurons

converts stimulus and carries signals from body to CNS

Interneurons

Process signals inside CNS

Motor neurons

Carry signals from CNS to muscles

Oligodendrocytes

Form myelin in CNS

Ependymal cells

Produce cerebrospinal fluid in CNS

Microglia

Phagocytize dead tissue in CNS

Astrocytes

Maintain blood brain barrier in CNS

Schwann cells

Form myelin in PNS

Satellite cells

Support neurons in PNS

Dural venous sinuses

Drain blood from brain into circulatory system

Cerebrospinal fluid

Cushions brain and removes waste

Choroid plexus

Produces cerebrospinal fluid in cranial cavity

Arachnoid villi

Reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid

Ventricles

Circulate cerebrospinal fluid

section 2

section 2

Medulla oblongata

Controls vital reflexes breathing heart rate

Pons

Regulates breathing and bladder

Superior colliculi

Control visual reflexes

Inferior colliculi

Control sound reflexes

Cerebellum

assistant to cerebrum Coordinates balance and movement

Inferior olive

Compares spinal cord and cerebrum feedback

Thalamus

Filters sensory signals

Hypothalamus

Maintains homeostasis and autonomic control

Corpus callosum

White matter that Connects the two hemispheres

Frontal lobe

Thinking and movement

Parietal lobe

General sensory processing

Occipital lobe

Vision

Temporal lobe

Hearing smell language

Primary motor cortex

Controls voluntary movement

Primary somatosensory cortex

Receives body sensations

Primary visual cortex

Receives visual signals

Primary auditory cortex

Receives sound signals

Primary gustatory cortex

Receives taste signals

Primary olfactory cortex

Receives smell signals

Somatosensory association area

Interprets body sensations

Visual association area

Interprets visual input

Auditory association area

Interprets sound

Prefrontal cortex

Planning decision making personality

Amygdala

Fear and emotional processing

Hippocampus

Forms new memories

Cingulate gyrus

Links emotion motivation memory

Association fibers

Connect regions in same hemisphere

Commissural fibers

Connect left and right hemispheres

Projection fibers

Connect cerebrum with lower brain

Olfactory nerve CN I

Smell

Optic nerve CN II

Vision

Oculomotor nerve CN III

Eye movement

Trochlear nerve CN IV

Eye movement

Trigeminal nerve CN V

Face sensation chewing

Abducens nerve CN VI

Eye movement

Facial nerve CN VII

Facial expression

Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII

Hearing and balance

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

Taste swallowing

Vagus nerve CN X

Parasympathetic organ control

Accessory nerve CN XI

Shoulder and neck movement

Hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Tongue movement

section 3

section 3

Innervate

to put nerves into or through something

Order of meninges

Dura arachnoid pia

Subarachnoid space

CSF space between arachnoid and pia

Epidural space

Fat filled space outside meninges

Anterior column signals

Descending motor signals and ascending sensory signals

Lateral column signals

Descending motor signals and ascending sensory signals

Posterior column signals

Ascending Sensory signals

Anterior root

Motor signals leaving spinal cord

Posterior root

Sensory signals entering spinal cord

Anterior ramus

Nerves to limbs and front body

Posterior ramus

Nerves to back of body

Plexus

Network of nerves

Phrenic nerve

Controls diaphragm

Axillary nerve

Controls deltoid and teres minor

Musculocutaneous nerve

Controls arm flexor muscles

Radial nerve

Controls triceps and extensors

Median nerve

Controls forearm flexors

Ulnar nerve

Controls hand flexor muscles

Femoral nerve

Controls quadriceps

Obturator nerve

Controls thigh adductors

Tibial nerve

Controls posterior leg muscles

Common fibular nerve

Controls anterior leg muscles

Sciatic nerve

Controls hamstrings

section 4

section 4

Somatic motor division

Voluntary control of skeletal muscle