cgsc exam 3

What are the three right hemisphere functions

• nonlinguistic elements of communications

• math/visuospatial skills

• processes melody of music

what does the RH function nonlinguistic elements of communication include

• prosody

• facial expression

• body language

• emotion

what does the RH function math/visuospatial skills include

• Perception of depth, distance, shapes

• Localizing targets in space

• Identifying figure-ground relationships

what does the RH function process melody of music include

• Assembles small details for perception of a larger picture

• Macrostructure/gestalt

right hemisphere disorder

• Group of deficits or changes that may occur following insult/injury to a person’s right cerebral hemisphere

• Usually not involved with language-related deficits

nonlinguistic cues

• powerful ______ processed in the right hemisphere are necessary for social pragmatic communication abilities.

Name three etiologies of RHD

• stroke

• disease

• trauma

what are the communication deficits of RHD

• facial recognition

• comprehension/production of facial expression

• comprehension/production of prosody

• inferencing

• discourse

facial recognition includes

• prosopagnosia

• visual agnosia

what is prosopagnosia

the inability to recognize faces

prosopagnosia

• Is not due to difficulty with the eyes, but with the brain

prosopagnosia

Individuals with ___ are able to recognize other objects, just not faces

what is visual agnosia

the inability to perceive visual stimuli due to damage to the CNS not damage to the optic nerve or eyes

which hemisphere is responsible for evaluating facial expressions

right hemisphere

what happens to facial expression comprehension in RHD

difficulty interpreting facial expressions and identifying emotions

how do facial expressions affect verbal communcation

They reinforce or alter the meaning of verbal utterances

What type of interpretation do individuals with RHD rely on?

More literal interpretation

Which side of the face is controlled by the right hemisphere?

Left side (contralateral)

Which side of the face shows more emotional expression?

Left side

How does RHD affect facial expression production?

Flat affect and reduced facial expression

Why are social interactions difficult for individuals with RHD?

They cannot effectively express emotions through facial expressions

what are the two components of speech

linguistic and prosodic

What does the linguistic component refer to?

language

What does the prosodic component include?

Pitch, stress, timbre, cadence, tempo

What is the function of prosody?

Adds emotional meaning to speech

How does RHD affect prosody comprehension?

Difficulty identifying emotional tone

How does RHD affect prosody production?

Monotone, emotionless speech

What communication issue results from prosodic deficits?

Misinterpretation of sarcasm and figurative language

Do individuals with RHD still feel emotions?

Yes, but struggle to express them

inferencing deficit

Ability to take previous knowledge and experience and apply it effectively to the interpretation of small details given in a situation

Allows for perception of macrostructure (gestalt)

What is discourse?

Exchange of communication between speaker and listener

What are common discourse deficits in RHD?

Poor shared knowledge awareness, turn-taking issues, topic maintenance problems

What is simultagnosia?

Inability to perceive multiple details at once

Where is simultagnosia typically caused by damage?

Parietal-occipital region

What behavior is seen in simultagnosia?

Focus on details but inability to see the whole object

What is cerebral achromatopsia?

Loss of color vision due to cortical damage

What is another name for cerebral achromatopsia?

Color agnosia

How do individuals with cerebral achromatopsia see the world?

In shades of gray

What are two types of attentional deficits in RHD?

Sustained and selective attention deficits

What is neglect?

Inability to attend to stimuli on one side

What is hemibody neglect?

Ignoring one side of the body

What is hemispatial neglect?

Ignoring one side of the environment

Which side is most commonly neglected in RHD?

left

Why is the neglected side opposite the lesion?

Because of contralateral brain control

What is asomatagnosia?

Inability to recognize one’s own body parts

What is somatophrenia?

Belief that a body part belongs to someone else