HiSet Life Science E: Plants

Terms from Life Science Plants from HiSet Prep Book

Amino Acids

Organic compounds that are the building blocks of proteins.

Carotene

An orange pigment in plants that can be converted to vitamin A in the body.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy.

Chlorophyll

The green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Fern

A type of vascular plant that reproduces via spores rather than seeds.

Fertilization

The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Flowers

The reproductive structures of angiosperms (flowering plants).

Fungi

A kingdom of organisms that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, characterized by absorptive nutrition.

Gametophyte

The haploid, gamete-producing phase in the life cycle of plants.

Germination

The process by which a seed begins to grow and develop into a plant.

Glucose

A simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source for living organisms.

Leaf

The primary site of photosynthesis in most plants.

Moss

A small, non-vascular plant that typically grows in dense green clumps in damp habitats.

Nitrates

Compounds containing nitrogen that plants absorb from soil for protein synthesis.

Nitrogen

An essential element required by plants to produce proteins and nucleic acids.

Nitrogenase

An enzyme used by nitrogen-fixing bacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.

Nitrogen Cycle

The biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms.

Nodules

Swellings on plant roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Nonvascular Plants

Plants lacking specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients.

Phloem

Plant tissue that transports sugars and other nutrients from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Pistil

The female reproductive part of a flower that includes the stigma, style, and ovary.

Pollen

Small grains containing male gametes produced by the anthers of flowering plants.

Roots

The underground parts of plants that absorb water and nutrients.

Spores

Reproductive cells capable of developing into new individuals without fusion with another cell.

Stamen

The male reproductive part of a flower that produces pollen.

Stem

The main supporting structure of a plant that typically grows above ground.

Vascular Plants

Plants with specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients.

Xanthophylls

Yellow pigments in plants that assist in photosynthesis.

Xylem

Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to stems and leaves.