ETHICS-midterms

John Stuart Mill

His view provided a different perspective on the different relationship between rights and the greatest happiness principle.

Rights

Valid claims that individuals can move against society barked by a demand for protection or punishment if those rights are violated

Rights

justified because they contribute to overall happiness were in people are more happy if they’re this is protected

Justice

I respect for rights giving people what they are due

Legal rights

Conferred by the law

Moral rights

Grounded in ethical reasoning, or it can exist, even if they aren’t protected by the law

Bentham’s felicific calculus

This calculate the moral worth of an action by assessing how much pleasure or pain it produced number one intensity, number two duration number three certainty and number four proximity

Utilitarianism

This is an ethical theory that provides action that produce the greatest happiness

Utility

This are usefulness of an action outcome or it is a root word for utilitarianism

1. Jeremy Bentham

2. John Stuart Mill

Give the two key thinkers under utilitarianism:

Jeremy Bentham ( 1748-1832)

He is the founder of the utilitarianism and also emphasize the role of pleasure and pain in guiding action

Pleasure and Pain

Give the two sovereign masters under utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham

pain and pleasure

This too, should be balanced because action should maximize, ____ and minimize ____.

Jeremy Bentham

He focuses on the quantity under utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill

He expanded Bentham’s ideas and stressed that there are higher pleasure over lower pressure

Greater

Is intellectual pleasure _______ than physical pleasure

John Stuart Mill

He aims for the quality under utilitarianism were in higher and lower pleasure distinction

Principle of Utility

“Actions are right if it promotes happiness wrong if they produce the opposite”

Consequences over intention

This focused on the outcome, not the intention

Deontology

It is the ethics of duty

deon

It means duty is a moral or ethical theory that focuses on duty obligations and rights

Deontology

It is concerned on the rightness of the action on itself regardless of the result it is doing what is morally required no matter what happens

Immanuel Kant

He is a German philosopher where he emphasized morality is not about making us happy but is about making us worthy of happiness

1. What can I know?

2. What ought I do?

What are the two questions under theology or the ethics of duty.

1. Self interest

2. Inclination

3. Duty

What are the three possible motives?

Duty

What is the highest moral worth?

1. Hypothetical

2. Categorical

To imperatives under the deonthology

Categorical

It is the central moral principle

First form

It is a form where act only in maxim 🚕 orIt is a form where act only in maxim 🚕 or rule that you can will to be a universal law

Second form

It is a form where always treat humanity, whether in your own person or the person of another as an end, and never merely as a means

Criticism

This is too rigid and absolutist.