AP Gov - Federalism

Supremacy Clause

federal government decisions take priority over state decisions and acts of congress and treaties are supreme over states

Necessary and Proper Clause/Elastic Clause/Implied Powers

Gives congress the power to pass laws that grant them power required for carrying out constitutionally mentioned powers (implied powers needed to carry out enumerated powers)

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Requires each state to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

Privileges and Immunities Clause

requires states to grant citizens of other states the same "privileges and immunities" as their own citizens

Extradition

A criminal is to be sent back to the place their crime occurred in order to be tried

Dual Federalism

The system of government in which most fundamental powers were clearly divided between federal and state govs

Cooperative Federalism

The system of government where federal and state governments work together, sharing responsibility and power to implement policies

Federalism

A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same area and people

Categorical Grants

Grants that have lots of strings attached and that force states to spend the money specifically as the federal government says

Block Grants

Grants that allow the states to decide where in the category they want to spend the money, less strings attached, more choice

Mandate

A law passed by congress that requires a state or local government to perform certain actions

Unfunded Mandate

When the federal government doesn’t fund what is needed to fulfill a mandate

ex. Clean Air Act, national elections, clean water act

16th Amendment

allows the U.S. Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among states based on population. This gives the federal government the power to collect taxes on income from any source, which fundamentally changed how the government is funded

13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

13th → abolished slavery and the 3/5ths rule

14th → guarantees all people equal rights, defines citizens, dual process

15th → black people can vote

Medicaid

Eligible by house size and needs, rather than age or ability

Medicare

Grey hair - for the elderly and disabled

McCulloch V Maryland

establishes supremacy clause and necessary and proper clause

McColluch doesn’t want to pay the tax provided by maryland for his bank

U.S. v Lopez

Highschool boy brings gun to school and is arrested for possession at school. Fed gov charge him for violating gun-free school zone act. Votes are in favor of Lopez because the commerce clause doesn’t affect this matter and states have power over public schools

Gibbons v Ogden

Ogden gets approval from states to control interstate commerce, but Gibbons gets federal approval. They vote in favor of Gibbon because the commerce clause grants the feds the power to control interstate commerce