Enzymes and Activation Energy

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5 Terms

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Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction

  • Does this by reducing the potential energy of the transition state

    • Activation energy (Ea) is lowered

    • Products can be produced a

      t a faster rate

  • The catalyst does not alter the physical composition of the products

<p>Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction</p><ul><li><p>Does this by reducing the potential energy of the transition state</p><ul><li><p>Activation energy (Ea) is lowered</p></li><li><p>Products can be produced a</p><p>t a faster rate</p></li></ul></li><li><p>The catalyst does not alter the physical composition of the products</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Requirements for a Chemical Reaction

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to break the bond in a chemical reaction

For this to occur, two requirements must be met:

  • Molecules must be in correct orientation

  • Molecules must collide with enough force

<p>Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to break the bond in a chemical reaction</p><p></p><p>For this to occur, two requirements must be met:</p><ul><li><p>Molecules must be in correct orientation</p></li><li><p>Molecules must collide with enough force</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Effects of Temperature on Chemical Reactions

Temperature can increase the collisions between molecules

  • Causes the molecules to move at a high speed, forcing more collisions

    • In turn, new bonds can form

However, high temperatures can also lead to denaturation

  • It can also increase the rate of all chemical reactions (not just one) which can overwhelm the cell

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Lowering activation energy

Enzmes can lower the activation energy of a reaction

  • Reactants can reach the transition state at a faster rate

  • Free energy remains unchanged as enzyme does not alter the composition of the reactants or products

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How do Enzymes Lower Activation Energy

  1. Promotes Collisions

  • Enzymes bind to molecules to bring them closer together

  1. Exposure to Charged Environments

  • The active site contains ionic group that either attract/repel substrates

  • Encourages bonds to favour catalysis

  1. Changes Shape to Substrate

  • Can strain bonds, allowing for reactions to occur