EOY Exams Yr10

Sustainability Finite material

Sustainability Finite material

Resources that are limited/ cannot be reproduced

Sustainability Non finite

Resources that are in abundance/ can be replenished as they are being used.

Sustainability Disposable

Can be gotten rid of or recycled.

Sustainability Renewable

A power source that can be replenished as its used

Sustainability Non renewable

a resource that wil run out/ cannot be renewed

6Rs Reduce

Cutting down on waste

Reuse 6Rs

Repurpose things don’t throw them away

Recycle 6Rs

converting waste into other products

Rethink 6Rs

Change the design of a product to be more eco friendly

Refuse 6Rs

Avoid products to stop waste

Repair 6Rs

Fix a broken product

Composite Materials

Formed when 2 different materials are combined by bonding “matrix”, + strength/weight ratio

Composite Materials examples

Glass reinforced plastic- glass spun into fibres and coated

Carbon Fibre reinforced plastic- Woven into a textile then resin is applied.

GPR uses

boats cars

CRP uses

Tennis rackets, F1 cars, fishing rods

Smart materials

A material whose physical properties change in response to an outside stimulus.

Thermochromic pigments

Stimulus , Appearance, Uses

Stimulus - Heat

Appearance- Change colours at specific temperatures

Uses- Paediatric thermometers, Cutlery

Photochromic pigments

Stimulus , Appearance, Uses

Stimulus- Light

Appearance- Light sensitive particles in pigments, MORE UV = DARKER COLOUR

Uses- Clothing, cars

Shape memory alloys

Stimulus , Appearance, Uses

Stimulus- Stress shape change

Appearance- Silver wire

Once a material is heated in a shape it will go back to it after being deformed and heated again.

Uses- Polymers, Buildings

Textiles

Highly adaptable and can be constucted to maximise properties

Natural fibres

All fibres that occur naturally

Natural fibres examples

Cotton- soft, strong, absorbent, used for clothes

Wool-soft or coarse, absorbs dyes, can be woven, items for warmth.

Synthetic fibres

fibres that are created by humans by the process of chemical synthesis

Synthetic fibres example

Polyester, finely woven, strong hard wearing, used for tents, carpets.

Blended and mixed fibres

Mixture of fibres, properties of each fibres mixed to enhance them

Blended and mixed fibres example

Polycotton, creases less than cotton, more durable, cheap, used for clothes, sheets

Woven textiles

2 sets of yarn that are threaded at 90 degrees to each other

Woven textiles examples

cotton calico, cheese cloth, strong cheap

Non woven

made directly from fibres without being spun into yarn

Nonwoven example

Bonded fabric- doesnt fray, not strong- Used for disposable products and tea bag

Knitted textiles

Fibres knitted together into sheets, interlocking yarn loops

Knitted textiles

knitted fabric, arm ,stretches,

used for jumpers, socks, cardigans

weft knitting

made by hand or machined. interlocking loops across the width,

Warp knitting

Easy to cut sow together, loops interlocking vertically.

Paper and board

Compliant materials that can be scored folded and cut with basic tools

How is paper measured

grams per square metre (GSM)

How is board measured

Board = over 200gsm

microns, 1000 microns = 1mm thickness

Modern materials

Do not occur naturally but are already existing and have been altered to improve their properties,

modern material examples

Corn starch polymers

PLA- Smooth, textured, easily coloured, non toxic biodegradable, bottles, biodegradable medical devices

PBH- Smooth, textured, finished, stiff, brittle, limited chemical resistance.

6rs

reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink, refuse, repair

Timber seasoning types

Air Stickers, Kiln

Timber seasoning Air stickers

Timber beams stacked with stickers in between them, air circulates, takes months or years to dry, Cheaper, Stronger, Takes time, doesn’t take out enough moisture to be used inside.

Timber seasoning Kiln

Timber placed into kiln dryed out with hot air in oven. More control, saves time, accurate goes down to 12%, More expensie staff need traing to use.

Timber seasoning

Removal of water so it can be made into products

Timber seasoning benifits

increase strength + resistance to decay, less likely to warp.

Ferrous Metals

Contains iron, doesnt normally rust.

Non ferrous metals

a pure metal, doesnt rust but oxideses

Alloy

2 or more metals combined to strengthen it.

Thermoforming plastics

Complex shapes and can be reshaped.

Thermosetting plastics

More ridged and brittle, cannot be reformed.

Examples of Thermoforming

Acrilic, PVC, HIPS,

Examples of Thermosetting

resin, epoxy, polyester resin,

Automation Key points

More computers in production lines, Production data management, involves complex software, Speeds up prodcution

Automation Benifits

Cheaper in long run, save labour costs, less mistakes.

Automation draw backs

skilled staff no longer needed, reliant of single system, unemployed

CAD key points

used by designers, artists, engineers, easily share drawings, tested without physically using it.

CAD Advantages

Easy to manipulate, accurate, saves time, worked by remote teams, can test stress/strain

CAD disadvantages

Could be deleted, lose all of work, expensive, security, complex to learn, compatibility issues,

CAM Key points

Controlled by computers, CNC, can run Virtual simulations, laser cutters,

CNC

Computer numerical control, form of CAM, accurate, can cut complex shapes.

CNC advantages

Can cut at different speeds, cut complex shapes, used on metal, faster, accurate

CNC disagvantages

Expensive, Machines need special repairs, unemployment

Flexible Manufacture systems FMS

used when products change regularly, robotic arms, perform lots of tasks, high cost.

Just in time production JIT

Makes things as they are demanded, rely of supply chains.

JIT Advantages

Security for money, no need for big warehouse, waste reused, Order secured, no money in stocks of products.

JIT disadvantages

reliant on supply chains, less benefits from bulk purchasing, stock might not be available, production could stop, whole upfront cost.

Technology push

through science, new technology.

Market pull

What consumer wants, existing product made better.

DT Energy definition

Ability to do work

DT Forms of energy

Potential (stored) Kinetic (motion)

Pneumatics

compressed gas to movement

Pneumatics pros

accurate, fast , low maintenance, unlimited amount of air,

Pneumatics cons

simple pipe system, less force then hydraulics, less precise,

hydraulics

pumped and compressed liquid (oil) to movement

hydraulics pros

very powerful, very presice,

hydraulics cons

complex piping, slow- oil is vicious, oil is limited, oil leakage risk,

Kinetic pump.

Hydro electric pump, surplus water pumped back up, flow of water generates electricity,

Kinetic pump pros

renewable, controlable, efficient,

Kinetic pump cons

maintenance is expensive, flooding

Fly wheel energy

rotates near frictionless environment, momentum stored and motor used to generate electricity.

Fly wheel energy pros

save up to 25% on fuel, energy efficient, evens erratic supplies.

Batteries key info

Store energy in cells, each cells 1.5 V rechargeable 1.2V, Batteries have + and - terminals, contain electrochemical that react to produce energy.

alkaline batteries pros

hold charge more efficiently

alkaline batteries cons

runs out, expensive.

Rechargeable batteries pros

can be recharged, increasing demand

Rechargeable batteries cons

not as efficient each time.

Gerit Rietveld

Dutch furniture/ architecture, geometric shapes, clean lines, modern materials, primary colours, red and blue chair ,Schroeder house.

Louis Comfort Tiffany

Stained glass, inspired by nature, moorish art, Art nouveau movement 1890-1910,

Sir Alec Issigois

Raced for humber motor company, made the mini , turned engine 90 degrees.

Norman Foster

modern useful designs, steel, glass, concrete, ecofriendly, Gherkin, glass dome in reichstag, Hearst tower NYC,

Ettore Sottass

strange take on ordinary objects. bold geometric shapes, furniture, buildings, interior design.

Harry Beck

made London underground map,

Charles Rennie Macintosh

right angles, floral motifs, subtle curves, art nouveau

Alexander Mcqueen

Expensive suits, dresses, shoes

Coco chanel

1912 first perfume, uncluteered, comfortable, influenced by childhood, little black dress most famous

Raymond templier

Jewellery design art deco, abstract designs, innovative techniques,

Aldo Rossi

Bold colours geometric shapes, polytechnic, post modernism movement, made stuff for alessi,

Marcell Breurer

Innovative use of steel, made chairs,

Vivianne Westwood

Inspired by the 1970s punk music movement, She opened a stall called Let It Rock in 1971- it sold vintage 1950s clothes, Pirates her first commercial collection was released in 1981,Her fashion designs influenced new punk and romanticism movements 

Braun

german, max braun, progressive inovative designs, gillete bought majority of braun.