resonance and exceptions to the octet rule

what is resonance? if 2 or more lewis structures with the __________ arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule or ion, the actual distribution of electrons is an ____________ of that shown by various lewis structures

same, average

what are resonance forms

individual lewis structures

what is a resonance hybrid

actual electronic structure (average of resonance forms)

exceptions to the octet rule: hypervalent molecules: have central atom with ___________ electrons than needed for _______________ config

more, noble gas

exceptions to the octet rule: odd-electron molecules: have __________________ of valence electrons, unpaired electrons

odd number

exceptions to the octet rule: electron-deficient: central atom with __________ electrons than needed for ________________ config

fewer, noble gas

what are free radicals

odd number of electron molecules

elements in period _ or higher can exceed an octet of electrons

3

elements in group __________ and ___________ can have less than an octet of electrons

2, 13