Applied Functional Anatomy Slide 1

Motor Skills

physical contribution to occupation (reaching, stabilizing, manipulating and walking)

Functional Anatomy

underlying body structures that contribute to movements involved in daily function (relates to motor performance skills)

Functional Mobility

moving from one position or place to another (Ex, changing positions in bed, transferring, walking)

Anatomical Positions

• Standing Upright

• Feet Apart

• Head Forward

• Arms to Sides

• Palms Forward

Posterior

Back (dorsal)

Anterior

Front (volar or ventral)

Medial

closer to midline

Lateral

father from midline

Proximal

closer to the head/center of body

Distal

father away from the head/center of the body

Radial

by your thumb

Ulnar

by your pinky

Superior

above

Inferior

below

Cranial

direction of the skull

Caudal

beneath, or towards the tail

Ipsilateral

same side of the body

Contralateral

opposite side of the body

Sagittal Plane

divides the body into right and left sides

Frontal Plane

divides the body into anterior (front side) and posterior portions (back side)

Transverse Plane

divides the body into inferior (down) and superior (top)

Frontal Axis

medial (in towards the middle of your body) to lateral (out towards your body)

Sagittal Axis

anterior (front) to posterior (back)

Vertical Axis

inferior (down) to superior (top)

Shoulder

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction

Elbow

flexion, extension

Wrist

flexion, extension, circumduction

Fingers

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Hips

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation

Knee

flexion, extension

Toes

flexion, extension

Forearm

supination, pronation

Ankle

circumduction

Thumb

circumduction, abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, opposition, and retropulsion

Closed-Chain

functional movement involves proximal joints moving in relation to a fixed (non-moving) distal segment

Open-Chain

free movement of the distal body part in space, allowing joints to move together or independently of each other

Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage

a dense connective tissue that covers the ends of long bones

Osteoarthritis

the degeneration of cartilage within a joint

Ligaments

connect bone to bone & help with joint stability

Tendons

connect muscle to bone & help with transferring force

Joint Capsule

dense fibrous sleeve around synovial joints, passive stability, contains synovial fluid

Prime Mover

the main muscle that is responsible for initiating and performing specific movements

Synergistic

muscles that work together with a primary muscle to produce a joint movement

Fascia

noncontractile (passive) tissues within the muscle

Flaccid Muscle

results from loss of innervation to a muscle

Hpertonia

a muscle with increased tone

Eccentric

lengthening

Concentric

shortening

Synovial Joint

a type of freely movable joint that allows for smooth and flexible movement between bones

Ball-and-Socket Joint

spherical surface that fits into a concave depression (hip & shoulder)

Hinge Joint

it allows movement in one plane only (similar to the motion of a door hinge) (elbows, knee, ankle, wrist)

Saddle Joint

two opposing bone surfaces that are reciprocally concave in one direction (thumb, middle ear)

Involuntary Muscles

smooth muscles and cardiac muscles

Voluntary Muscles

biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings, calf muscles, and facial muscles