OCR B Geography GCSE UK in the 21st Century

relief

elevation of a land surface

water stress

pressure on water supplies caused by demand exceeding or threatening to exceed supply

relief

elevation of a land surface

water stress

pressure on water supplies caused by demand exceeding or threatening to exceed supply

population density

the number of people living in an area, ususally expressed as people per km²

low population density

a small number of people living in a given area, e.g. much of northern Scotland

high population density

a large number of people living in a given area, e.g. most of UK

very high population density

a very large number of people living in a given area, usually major cities, e.g. London

satellite image

an image of part or all of the earth taken from space using satellites

digital cartography

the process by which a collection of data is compiled into a virtual image for example a digital map with details of roads, e.g. Google Maps

census

an official count or survey of a population, typically conducted every 10 years. Detailed information about the population is collected by the Office for National Statistics (ONS)

natural increase

the positive difference between the birth rate and the death rate, usually expressed as a %, by which a population will grow

natural decrease

the negative difference between the birth rate and the death rate usually expressed as a %, by which a population will shrink

net international migration

for a given country, this figure refers to the difference between immigrants and emigrants

population pyramid

a diagram, essentially a bar graph, that shows the structure of a population by sex and age category that may resemble a pyramid shape

demographic transition model

a theoretical model based on the experience in the UK showing changes in population characteristics over time

birth rate

the number of live births per 1000 population

death rate

the number of deaths per 1000 population

total population

the total number of people inhabiting a certain area

high fluctuating

Stage 1 of the DTM in which both birth and death rates are high, resulting in slow population growth

early expanding

Stage 2 of the DTM in which mortality is reduced due to better living conditions, but birth rates remain high leading to natural increase and population growth

late expanding

Stage 3 of the DTM at which birth and death rates continue to drop, the gap between birth and death rates narrows, but total population is still increasing

low fluctuating

Stage 4 of the DTM in which both birth rates and death rates are lowered; the population stabilizes

decline

Stage 5 of the DTM in which an ageing population and lowered birth rates mean that death rate exceeds birth rate and natural decrease occurs

ageing population

a population in which an increasing proportion of the population are middle or old aged.

economic hub

a central point or area associated with economic success and innovation eg Canary Wharf - banking and financial services or Motorsport Valley in Oxfordshire

unilateral

action taken, often in the form of aid or sanctions involving a single country

multilateral

action taken, often in the form of aid or sanctions involving several different countries

refugee

a person who has been granted asylum having been forced to leave their home country and move to another country, often in response to persecution or natural disaster

internally displaced people

people who have been forced to move from their homes but have resettled within their own country rather than migrating to another country

conflict zone

a country or part of a country in which two or more groups of people have a serious disagreement which results in economic, social or military aggression.

culture

the values and beliefs of a particular society or group of people

media

the communication of information and ideas, commonly involving newspapers, magazines, TV and the internet, but also involving music, theatre and video games.

ethnic food

a food that is typical of a given racial, national, or religious culture