Exam 1 Review Practice Qs (from Kahoot & Booklet)

These are questions prof provided as exam 1 review prep

T or F: The definitive host of parasitic worm infection has the adult worm in their body? 

True

During environmental hardships, a bacteria produces this bacterial structure for protection.

Endospore

T or F: Eukaryotic cells evolved from a last common ancestor (LCA). 

True

What benefit does a capsule/glycocalyx provide to pathogenic bacterial cell?

Prevents phagocytosis by immune cells. 

T or F: The glcocalyx of a eukaryotic cell has the same pathogenic function as a prokaryotic cell.

False.

Which of the following does eukaryotic cell division not include:

• Binary fission

• Meiosis

• Germination

• Mitosis

Germination

This type of microbial cell has a plasma membrane, 70S ribosome, and DNA in the cytoplasm.

Bacteria

Prokaryotes have ___ ribosomes, while eukaryotic cells contain ___ ribosomes.

Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, while eukaryotic cells contain 80S ribosomes.

What are mycoses?

Infections caused by fungus.

_____________ bacteria secrete ___________, which is composed of _____________ or LPS, from their outer membrane when cell is dying. While living gram-negative and gram positive bacterial cells secrete ___________ from their cytoplasm.

Gram-negative bacteria secrete endotoxin, which is composed of lipopolysaccharides or LPS, from their outer membrane when cell is dying. While living gram-negative and gram positive bacterial cells secrete exotoxins from their cytoplasm.

Tapeworm are parasitic helminths. What structure in the worm is incomplete?

Reproductive system

Tapeworms are ________________.

Tapeworms are parasitic helminths.

Which is an incorrect description about tinea pedis:

(a) eukaryotic infection

(b) opportunistic pathogen

(c) most common fungal infection

(d) pathogenic microbe

(b) opportunistic pathogen. 

Explanation: Tinea pedis is a primary pathogen: It can cause infection even in healthy individuals without a compromised immune system. Opportunistic pathogens usually require a weakened immune system or broken skin barrier to cause infection.

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during __________.

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during release (from host cell).

The period in viral replication where particles are not detected and/or present in the host’s body is called the __________ period.

The period in viral replication where particles are not detected and/or present in the host’s body is called the eclipse period.

Campylobacter jejuni has which structure that makes it pathogenic?

Flagella

Among these types of microorganisms, the ______________ blank are noncellular.

Among these types of microorganisms, the viruses blank are noncellular.

T or F: Following the Golden Age of Microbiology, the germ theory and cell theory are similar because both theories state that microbes cause disease.

False.

WHY THO?

Ir you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that you just gram-stained, you can assume their cell envelope contains endotoxin.

True

Because:

• pink gram-stain = gram-negative bacteria

Viruses are considered what types of parasites?

Obligate parasites

Which of the following structures is not present in all bacteria/prokaryotic cell types? 

(a) nucleoid

(b) ribosome

(c) plasmid

(d) circular DNA

• (c) Plasmid:

  • Plasmids are extra circular DNA molecules, separate from the main chromosome.

  • They often carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other traits, but they are not essential and not found in all bacteria/archaea

✅ Structures Present in All Prokaryotes:

• (a) Nucleoid: All prokarytoes (bacteria & archaea) have a nucleoid region where their main circular chromosome (DNA) is located.

• (b) Ribosome: All prokarytoes (bacteria & archaea) have ribosomes (specifically 70S type) to synthesize proteins. These are essential for survival, so they’re always present.

• (d) Circular DNA: The primary prokaryotic chromosome is typically circular and found in the nucleoid.

This pathogen causes pharyngitis and if not treated will lead to scarlet fever.

Streptococcus pyogenes

The core of every virus particle always contain.

Either DNA or RNA

A fully formed virus with genome (nucleic acids), a capsid, and spikes is called a(n)…

Virion

Virion v.s. Virome

Virion —> A fully formed virus w/ capsid, spikes, and nucleic acids

Virome- —> Collection of all viruses found in particular environment or organism.

Viromes can include 3 different types of viral entities. Name them.

Viromes — entire collections of all viruses in particular environment or oganism — can include: 

1. Active viruses (currently infecting & replicating)

2. Latent viruses (dormant, not actively replicating)

3. Viral genetic material (free-floating or integrated into host genomes)

Human Gut Virome

Includes all viruses living in digestive tract — some many infect bacteria (bacteriophages) and others infecti human cells. 

Environmental Viromes

Viruses in soil, oceans, and air.

T or F: Fungal infections can produce endotoxins.

False

Persistent viruses that can reactive periodically are called ___________.

Persistent viruses that can reactive periodically are called chronic latent viruses.

Viruses exhibit all the following except…

(a) genes

(b) metabolism

(c) infect bacteria

(d) ability to infect host cells

(a) metabolism

The process of transferring plasmid genetic material from a donor bacteria to a recipient bacteria using a pili/sex pilus is called _______________.

The process of transferring plasmid genetic material from a donor bacteria to a recipient bacteria using a pili/sex pilus is called conjugation.

___________ is a form of horizontal gene transfer.

Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer.

The function of bacterial endospores is…

protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.

Bacteria & eukaryotes evolved from a cell called the “last common ancestor (LCA)” and bacteria became engulfed in LCA to become mitochondria & cholorplasts. This theory is called _______________________.

Bacteria & eukaryotes evolved from a cell called the “last common ancestor”. This theory is called endosymbiosis.