reform movements and women's changing roles

The Second Great Awakening

a religious revival that led to reform themselves and society 

temperance movement 

movement to abolish alcohol, women were active in this because their husbands spent all their money on alcohol, and employers didn’t want hungover workers 

transcendentalism 

taught that all people were part of God and were naturally good

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

famous transcendentalists 

Utopian communities

small societies dedicated to perfection

Shakers

a utopian community an offshoot of the Quakers believed in equality of everyone famous for their furniture

Mormons

formed by Joseph Smith

Horace Mann

father of public education

why did the North favor education

belief that all people should be able to read so they can read the Bible

Why did the South not favor education

lived to far apart to go to school, they didn't want poor people to go to school and “climb the social ladder”

Dorothea Dix

fought to build mentally ill asylums 

Abolitionist movement

the movement to end slavery

Emancipation

freeing

William Lloyd Garrison

published the antislavery newspaper and helped America be an anti slavery society

Frederick Douglas

former slave who became a spokesperson for abolitionist

Underground Railroad

escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaves fleeing north to freedom 

Harriet Tubman

most famous conductor of the underground railroad she rescued more then 300 slaves

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

sisters from a slave holding family who fought for the abolition of slavery

Harriet Beecher Stowe

wrote uncle Tom's cabin convinced many Americans around the world that slavery was wrong 

American Colonization Society

send free slaves to Liberia because whites didn't want their slaves thinking they could be free and feared them taking jobs and former slaves were in favor because they felt they could never achieve equality 

Gag rule

did not allow discussion of slavery

republican virtues

self reliance, hard work,sacrificing for the good of the community

republican women or republican motherhood

women should be educated so they can raise better sons

Why was the choice of marriage a critical choice for a woman

because women had no political or legal rights they couldn't vote and married women couldn't own property

Cult of Domesticity

middle class stay at home women were expected to raise and educate their children entertain guests and serve their husbands 

Seneca Falls Convention

first women's rights convention in u.s. history

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

published the declaration of sentiments of women

Suffrage

right to vote 

Sojourner Truth

African American women, former slave, who fought for women's rights and abolition of slavery

Irish immigrants

came over during the Irish potato famine they were discriminated against because they were poor and Catholic they settled in cities in the northeast Catholics did not look upon drinking as sinful 

German immigrants

came in seeking political freedom mostly Catholic had more money then Irish and were able to buy farmland in the mid-west