Mole
6.02 × 10²³ of any chemical unit (atoms, molecules, ions, others)
Aqueous Solution
solution where the solvent is water
Precipitate
insoluble solids that emerges from liquid solution
Factors affecting solubility of gases, liquids and solids
solubility of SOLIDS INCREASE as temperature increases
solubility of LIQUIDS INCREASE as temperature increases
solubility of GASES DECREASE as temperature increases
Saturated Solution
has the same concentration as the solubility
Unsaturated Solution
has less concentration than the solubility
Litmus paper
RED litmus paper turns BLUE in a BASES
BLUE litmus paper turns RED in ACID
Phenolphthalein Indicator
turns PINK in a BASE, remaind CLEAR in an ACID
Probe/pH Meter
provides a more accurate pH reading
Properties of acid (and examples)
pH less than 7, sour, non-slippery, irritate skin, conducts electricity in aq solution
lemon, oranges, tomatoes
Properties of bases (and example)
pH more than 7, slippery, irritates skin, conducts electricity in aq solution
baking soda, cleaning supplies, soap
limiting reagent
reactant that is consumed completely
excess reagent
reactant that is not fully consumed
empirical formula
formula that shows the SIMPLEST WHOLE-NUMBER of elements in a compound
molecular formula
a formula that shows the element symbols and EXACT NUMBER OF EACH TYPE OF ATOM in a molecular compound
titrant
standard solution of an acurately known concentration
stock solution
a concentrated solution of a substance that is used to prepare less concentrated solutions or for chemical reactions