plant tax quiz 6

Monocot Characteristics

1 seed leaf

Fibrous root

Flower part numbers of 3 (3, 6, 9)

Dicot Characteristics

2 seed leaf

Taproot

Flower part numbers of 4 or 5(4, 8, 12)

tap root

dicots, where the primary root enlarges and all secondary roots emerge from.

fibrous root

 monocots, where the primary root degenerates and all roots arise from other tissue than the primary root.  These are adventitious!

Adventitious

 arise from nonroot (stem or leaf) tissue.

Prop root

aboveground type of adventitious root that supports the stem.

Storage roots

modified taproot; particularly common in biennials

Primary root

comes from radical

Adventitious doesnt

come from radical

New growth emerges from

bud or meristems

Terminal or apical bud

 at tip

Axillary buds on

the sides 

Node

point on stem where buds, leaves, and stipules attached

Internode

section of stem between two nodes is called an internode 

Stem

functions to support and conduct materials.

Bulb

small vertical tissue with adventitious roots, surrounded by thick, fleshy storage leaves.

Corm

underground storage stem tissue w/ scale-like leaves around exterior (Gladiolus, iris)

Rhizome

underground horizontal stem, covered with scale-like leaves (ginger, iris)

Tuber

underground storage stem lacking any surrounding leaves

Runners

vegetative propagation; not for storage

Fascicle

short stem (vs. long stems). Quick production of leaves or reproductive organs w/o long internodes

Tendril

long, slender coiling branch

Caudex

 swollen stem underground or at/near ground level for storage of food reserves or water.  Not distinguished from pachycaul.

Cladode

a flattened, photosynthetic stem functioning as a leaf

Thorns

modified stems or shoots

Spines

modified leaves or stipules

Prickles

outgrowth of the plant’s skin