Diabetes Review: Types, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Complications (Fill-in-the-Blank)

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering diabetes types, pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, and complications.

Diabetes is defined as __.

Abnormal secretion of insulin and/or action of insulin.

Type I diabetes results from __ insulin production leading to hyperglycaemia.

decreased insulin production

Type II diabetes involves __ resistance causing hyperglycaemia.

insulin

Type I diabetes is referred to as __.

juvenile onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes

Peak onset of Type I is __.

Type II DM occurs mostly in people over __ years old.

40

Type I DM is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic __ cells.

β (beta)

In Type II DM, risk factors include Genetic Susceptibility and __ factors such as obesity.

Environmental

Severe obesity increases Type II DM risk by about __.

10x

Polyuria is defined as __.

excess urine production

Polydipsia is defined as __.

excessive thirst and the urge to drink large amounts of fluids

Polyphagia is defined as __.

abnormally strong, incessant sensation of hunger or desire to eat often leading to overeating

Blurred vision in DM is due to accumulation of __ in the lens.

sorbitol

Hyperglycaemia can result in a __ coma.

non-ketotic hyperosmolar

Ketoacidosis is common in Type I DM due to lipolysis producing __ bodies.

ketone

Breath in ketoacidosis has a fruity __.

odour

Hypoglycaemia symptoms include activation of the __ leading to headaches, irritability, and tremors.

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Diabetic Retinopathy results from high glucose damaging blood vessels in the retina, causing __ and swelling.

haemorrhage and swelling

Cerebrovascular and Heart Disease in DM involve endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and deposition of plaque leading to __.

stroke

Peripheral Artery Disease in DM can cause narrowing of arteries and lead to __.

gangrene

Diabetic Neuropathy commonly occurs in the __ and feet.

legs

Diabetic Nephropathy can damage the delicate __ of the kidney.

glomeruli

In Type II pathophysiology, the pancreas increases the production of insulin, which can lead to the __ of insulin-producing cells.

loss of insulin-producing cells

Recurrent infections in DM occur due to high glucose causing decreased __ function and growth of microorganisms.

immune

Slow-healing sores in DM are related to high glucose causing damaged blood vessels and decreased __ function.

immune