reproduction

bio 30

Testes

male gonads

Vas deferens

carries sperm from testes to urethera

Ejaculatory duct

movement of sperm and fluids

Semen

secretion of sperm and fluids

Spermatogenesis

formation of sperm cells

Sertoli cells

nourish developing sperm cells

Spermatocytes

developing sperm

Epididymis

area where sperm mature (compact coiled tube)

Seminal vesicles

fructose and prostaglandins (energy)

Prostate gland

alkaline fluid buffer (clean)

Cowper’s gland

mucus-rich fluid for protection

Testosterone

stimulates spermatogenesis and is associated with sex drive

FSH regarding testosterone

stimulates production of sperm in seminiferous tubules

LH regarding testosterone

promotes production by interstitial cells

Ovaries

female gonad and site of egg production

Oviduct/Fallopian tubes

path from ovary to uterus

• also where fertilization occurs

Uterus

fertilized egg becomes embedded

Myometrium

outer muscular lining that causes contractions

Endometrium

lining that provides nourishment for embryo

Cervix

muscular band that seperates uterus and vagina

Oogenesis

formation of ovum

FSH regarding females

Oogenesis

LH regarding females

ovulation

Corpus luteum

mass of follicle cells that forms within ovary after ovulation

What does the Corpus Luteum secrete if pregnant?

estrogen and progesterone

4 phases of the Menstraul cycle

flow, follicular, ovulation and luteal

Follicular phase

follicles develop in ovaries, endometrium is restores, estrogen

Ovulation phase

oocyte bursts from ovary

Luteal phase

corpus luteam forms, prepares uters to recieve egg

Estrogen

declines when oocyte leaves ovary but restored when corpus luteum forms

Progesterone

stimulates endometrium and prepares uterus for an embryo

Placenta

cells from endometrium and embryo

Amniotic sac

insulates, protects

Oxytocin

uterine contractions

Relaxin

causes pelvis ligaments to loosen

Prostaglandins

stimulate contractions

Gastrulation and 3 germ layers

• ectoderm

• mesoderm

• endoderm

Ectoderm

Nervous system and epidermis

Mesoderm

Skeleton, muscles, reproductive structures

Endoderm

digestive system lining, respitory systems, endocrine glands

Lactation

high levels of estrogen and progesterone prepare breast for milk production

Prolactin

stimulates glands to produce fluid made in pituitary gland

Teratogens

any medication, chemical, infectious disease, environmental agent that might interfere with normal development of an embryo

Reproductive technologies used to enchance fertility

IVF, surrogate, superovulation and artifical insemination

Reproductive technologies used to reduce fertility

tubal ligation, vasectomy, contraceptives