Biology Terms T2

Movement

They can move and change their position

Reproduction

They make more of the same kind of organism as themselves

Sensitivity

They can detect or sense stimuli and respond to them

Growth

They can permanently increase their size or dry mass by increasing the number or size of their cells.

Respiration

They can create chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Excretion

They can excrete toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and excess substances

Nutrition

They can take in and absorb nutrients such as organic substances and mineral ions. These nutrients contain the raw materials or energy needed for growth and tissue repair

Cytoplasm

The site of chemical reaction

Nucleus

Where the genetic material is stored

Cell membrane

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis

Cell wall

Protects the cell from bursting or shrivelling/ keeps it in shape

Permanent vacuole

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

What is the order of organisms (smallest to largest)

Cells

tissues

organs

organ systems

organism

Name 3 organs

Heart

lung

stomach

Name 3 organ systems

Circulatory system

digestive system

respiratory system

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Respiration chemical equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Photosynthesis chemical equation

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Arteries

Carry blood from heart to other organs

Veins

Carry blood from organs to heart

Capillaries

Tiny vessels with thin walls that exchange materials between cells and blood

Right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary vein

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Right atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Valve

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs

Rib

Protects the lungs

Rib muscle

Moves the rib up and down for breathing.

Bronchus

one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea

Bronchiole

Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.

Alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

Diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing by contracting and relaxing

Larynx

The voice box

What order does the blood circulate?

Heart -> arteries -> capillary network -> vein -> heart