Unit 1 Review: Chemistry of Life

ion

atom with more or less electrons (charged)

isotope

atom with change in atomic mass because of more or less neutrons

cation

positive ion

anion

negative ion

isomer

molecule with the same atoms but in a different shape

4

how many bonds does carbon always have

nonpolar covalent bond

shares electrons, electrons are shared equally - hydrophobic

polar covalent bond

shares electrons, electrons are not shared equally - hydrophilic

ionic bond

transfer of electrons between opposite charges

hydrogen bond

bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water molecules

cohesion

when water sticks to itself

adhesion

when water sticks to other things

hydrocarbons

molecules that contain only c and h, end in -ane, hydrophobic, release large amounts of energy

carbonyl group

what functional group is this

hydroxyl group

what functional group is this

amino group

what functional group is this

carboxyl group

what functional group is this

phosphate group

what functional group is this

dehydration reaction

taking water out to bond molecules

hydrolysis

adding water to split a bond

1:2:1

what is the ratio of c, h, o in carbohydrates

5kcal/gm

how much energy do carbohydrates release

many h, few o

what is the ratio of c, h, o in lipids

nonpolar covalent, hydrophobic

what type of bond do lipids have and how do they interact with water

9kcal/gm

how much energy do lipids release

saturated

is this lipid saturated or unsaturated

unsaturated

is this lipid saturated or unsaturated

solid

saturated fats will be _____ at room temp

liquid

unsaturated fats will be ____ at room temp

phospholipids

major component of cell membranes, phosphate group carries negative charge, hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head

c, h, o, n, s

what atoms can be in proteins

4\.5kcal/gm

how much energy does protein release

amino end to carboxyl end

what parts of peptides bond to create a polypeptide

either

are protein r groups hydrophobic or hydrophilic

shape

what is the most important thing about proteins

primary structure

sequence of amino acids

secondary structure

pleats or helixes determined by hydrogen bonds

tertiary structure

r groups fold into the protein’s shape

quaternary structure

folded proteins interacting with each otherd

c, h, o, n, p

what atoms are in nucleic acids

phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

what parts are in a nucleotide

oh is on carbon 2 of rna but not dna

what is the difference between a dna nucleotide and an rna nucleotide

adenine and guanine

which nitrogenous bases are purine

cytosine, thymine, and uracil

which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidine

thymine or uracil

what nitrogenous base bonds to adenine

cytosine

what nitrogenous base bonds to guanine

2

how many bonds form between adenine and thymine (or uracil)

3

how many bonds form between cytosine and guanine

carbohydrate

identify the molecule

carbohydrate

identify the molecule

lipid

identify the molecule

protein

identify the molecule

nucleic acid

identify the molecule