bonds test! UwU

what to do when it asks you about BOND TYPES

this is not asking whether the molecule Is polar or nonpolar, but the bonds …

ionic is a metal/nonmetal

metallic is metal/metal

np covalent is two of the same nonmetal

polar covalent is ANY TWO differing nonmetals (their ENs are diff)

why is H bonding the strongest

because FON are the most electronegative

how to predict what substances would be what state at room temperature

very weak bonds, like LDF in nonpolar covalent, would be gas

very strong bonds, like ionic, would be solid (think of salt)

using IMFs, iodine would thus be a gas because its nonpolar covalent. why is it a solid at room temp?

because it has so many electrons, it’s very polarizable. so I guess polarizability trumps judging state by IMFs

steps to ranking from lowest boiling point to highest

1. FIRST check if there’s any metallic or ionic. metallic is strongest bond and ionic comes after that.

2. then check the covalents, check which ones are polar and nonpolar. check for h bonding, and know that h bonding is stronger than D/D which is stronger than LDF.

3. sort accordingly - if you’re in between 2, look at their electrons

what is the rule about arranging Lewis dot structures

arrange atoms around carbon OR the least EN that isn't H/halogen

so you will almost ALWAYS arrange around carbon—not the other way around

what did you keep messing up w Lewis dot

don’t say polarity or IMF if it’s an ion

does octet rule trump formal charge or other way around?

octet rule trumps formal charge. for formal charge, pick the one where the negative is on the most EN element.

properties of metallic bonds

• conducts electricity

• ductile, malleable, conductive

• highest melting/boiling point

properties of ionic bonds

• conducts electricity in water

• high melting/boiling point

• brittle as a solid

properties of covalent bonds

• doesn’t conduct electricity

• low melting/boiling point

• only polar dissolves

what to remember with Lewis dot structures

DRAW RESONANCE and DRAW ION BRACKETS!!!!!!!!

how many electron domains does a double bond have

1

molecules that don’t want an octect

H - 2

Be - 4

B - 6

WHAT must be present to have a multiple bond?

carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen

what does not make more than one bond

hydrogen or halogens