Sleeping & Dreams - AP Psychology

does your brain continue to process external information when you are alseep

yes

does your brain monitor internal information while you sleep

yes

circadian rhythm

rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting about a day

regulated by the sun

superchiasmatic nucleus

small cells in hypothalamus that regulate sleep wake cycle

melatonin

sleep inducing hormone

how does the super chiasmatic nucleus work

bright lights activate retinal protiens

protiens trigger scn to wake you up

scn causes pineal gland to decrease/increase melatonin porduction

circadian desynchronization

ex; jet lag, all nighter

why do we sleep

sleep slaves energy and protects us

provides an occasion for restorative functions of brain

why do we need sleep for academics

strengthens learning and memory

sleep deprivation lowers learning abilities by 40%

how much sleep do we need

infants = 16 hours (more time in REM)

kids = 10 hours

adults = 7-9 hours

elders = 4-5 hours

alpha waves

relatively slow brain waves, relaxed AWAKE state

sleep spindles

in stage 2

on eeg - spikes

delta waves

laege slow brain waves for deep sleep (stage 4)

sleep cycles

rotation of sleep stages

lasts about 90-120 minutes

stages of sleep cycle

1→2→3→4→3→2→REM

repeats

stage 1 of sleep

very light sleeping

lasts like 5 minutes

stage 2 of sleeping

heart rate slows down, body temp drops

stages 3+4 of sleeping

deep sleep, muscle and tissue repair

(sleep talk and walk)

rem

rapid eye movement stage

lots of dreams

body paralyzed

stage 4 of sleep

deaf, almost impossible to wake upwhat

what percentage of the night is spent in REM

25%

rem

rapid eye movement

can only remember REM dreams (also most vivid, action packed, intense, emotional dreams)

paradoxical stage of sleep

rem - both lightest and deepest stage of sleep

• lightest cause brain is most active and heart rate, temp, and breathing fluctuate - closest to being awake

• deepest cause body is literally paralyzed (motor neurons shut off)

william dement and Nathaniel klietman

discovered REM sleep?

what are the most common emotions in dreams

fear + anxiety

amygdala is turned on when asleep

most adult dreams are negative

psychoanalyasis dream theory

sigmud freud

dreams as unconsious wishes

uncover repressed information from the unconsious mind

2 levels

• manifest content = actual meanings of dreams

• latent content = hidden meaning of dreams

activation-synthesis theory

dreams are just a biological phenomenon (byprodct of brain functions)

brain’s interpertation of what is happening during rem

ex: falling, flying, pee, being stuck

information processing theory

dreams just help to process information from the day

brain dealing with daily stress+ information during rem

integrating information from the day into our memories

proposnets say that proof = babies need more REM sleep

insomina

inability to fall or stay asleep

narcolesy

sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepinesss

sleep apnea

stop breathing repeatedly while sleeping

rem sleep behavior disorder

physically act out dreams (don’t get paralyzed during rem)

night terrors

appearing terrified, talking nonsense, screaming

not a nightmare

often impossible to wake up from

emotions not stories like nightmares

mostly children in stage 4

hypnosis

altered state of consiousness characterized by extreme suggestibility and relaxation

what can hypnosis do

pain management (brain recieves sensation of pain but doesn't interpret or perceive it)

break a bad habit

what can’t hypnosis do

enhance memory

make you do something you don't want to dopos

posthypnotic suggestion

while hypnotized you are convinced to do something that you actually do later