Cell Cycle Study Guide

takes place before mitosis, longest part of cell cycle

Interphase

G1/G2

growth

DNA is copied

S phase

The condensation of chromatin into chromosomes

Prophase

Chromosomes line up in middle of cell.

Metaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and move to the opposite ends of cell

Anaphase

Spindle fibers disappear, nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes return to chromatin.

Telophase

the division of cytoplasm, happens the same time as telophase.

Cytokinesis

cell structures made of DNA and protein that appears during cell division

Chromosomes

uncondensed DNA and protein complex during interphase.

Chromatin

structure that holds the chromatids together

centromere

identical chromosomes held together at centromere

sister chromatids

fibers that pull chromosomes apart during mitosis

spindle fibers

sex cells, egg and sperm cells

Gametes

2 copies of each chromosome, one from each parent

Diploid

1 copy of each chromosome

Haploid

Sexual reproduction

requires two parents

asexual reproduction

requires 1 parent

pair of homologous chromosomes line up along the middle

tetrads

chromosomes exchange portions of their DNA

Prophase i

Spindle fibers form, nuclear membrane disappears

Prophase

Spindle fibers attach to centromere of chromosomes

Metaphase i

Chromosomes move to middle of cell

Metaphase ii

Homologous chromosomes separate and move to the opposite pole.

Anaphase i

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Anaphase ii

chromosomes reach opposite ends of cell, Results in 2 new cells

Telophase i

cells begin to spilt, nuclear membrane reforms

Telophase ii

individual’s collection of chromosomes

Karyotype

uncontrollable dividing of cells

Caner

How many chromosomes does mitosis have

46 chromosomes

How many chromosomes does meiosis have

23 chromosomes

Random separation go homologous chromosomes results in genetic variation, happens in anaphase i

Independent assortment