Chapter 2: Theories and Models related to Multicultural health.

Worldview

A set of cultural assumptions and beliefs that express how people interpret and explain their life experiences.

Cultural competence

The ability to function effectively within the cultural context of beliefs, behaviors, and needs of the patients and community served.

Personalistic systems

Systems that emphasize illness caused by intentional intervention from an agent, such as a supernatural being or human with powers.

Naturalistic theories

Theories that view health as a harmony between the person and their environment; illness results when this balance is disrupted.

Humoral pathology

An ancient belief that bodily health is maintained through a balance of four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.

Doshas

Elements in the Ayurvedic medicine system that regulate all actions of the body, derived from the five elements.

Vitalistic medicine

Concept that bodily functions are due to a life force distinct from physical laws; emphasizes balance between forces such as yin and yang.

Biomedical medicine (Allopathic medicine)

A medical approach based on the mechanical view of the body, emphasizing diagnosis and treatment based on scientific data.

Holistic medicine

An approach to health that considers the whole person, including body, mind, and spirit, using a variety of therapies.

Karma

The philosophical concept that actions have consequences affecting one’s current life and future lives, influencing health decisions.

Euthanasia

An act of self-mercy killing or the choice to end one's life to alleviate suffering, often within the context of terminal illness.

Internal locus of control

The belief that individuals have the power to influence events that affect their lives.

Collectivism

A cultural orientation where individuals see themselves as part of a larger group, with decisions made for the group rather than the individual.

Advance directives

Legal documents that allow people to convey their medical treatment preferences when unable to communicate their wishes.

Mind-body integration

The concept emphasizing the interconnectedness of mental and physical health, acknowledging emotional states influence physiological well-being.