Animal Physiology Exam 1 iClicker

Which of the following would be an evolutionary explanation for opposable thumbs?

1. Nerve endings in the thumb’s skin are dense and sensitive, providing tactile feedback during interaction with objects

2. The brain’s motor cortex controls the fine motor skills needed for thumb opposition

3. Opposable thumbs allow efficient manipulation of objects, providing significant survival advantages

4. The opposable thumb’s movement is facilitated by a unique saddle joint at the base of the thumb

5. Opposable thumbs are controlled by a set of specialized muscles in the hand, including the thenar muscles and flexor tendons

Opposable thumbs allow efficient manipulation of objects, providing significant survival advantages

Which of the following statements is the best demonstration of the Krogh Principle regarding model organisms?

1. Various animals with different sizes of brains can be comparatively studied to learn about brain development and evolution

2. Regeneration of retinal neurons can be most conveniently studied in zebrafish

3. Birds are one of the several different types of flying or gliding animals

4. A tail structure specialized for swimming evolved independently in marine mammals and fish

Regeneration of retinal neurons can be most conveniently studied in zebrafish

Which of the following is an example of using gene therapy as a molecular biology technique?

1. Using an antagonist drug to reduce the symptoms associated with over-production of a hormone

2. Treating an insulin-deficient patient with replacement insulin

3. Using a chip-based assay to determine which genes are expressed in cancer tissue

4. Using CRISPR to replace a mutated hemoglobin gene with a corrected sequence

5. Using a gene knockout loss-of-function approach to determine the normal function of a gene during development

Using CRISPR to replace a mutated hemoglobin gene with a corrected sequence

Smooth muscle, the type of muscle that lines blood vessels and internal organs, is made up of cells that are connected with one another so that electrical changes are conducted quickly between them, resulting in coordinated muscle contractions. Which of the following facilitates these connections?

1. Desmosomes

2. Gap Junctions

3. Mitochondria

4. Nanotubes

5. Endoplasmic reticulum

Gap Junctions

Which of the following BEST explains why the resting membrane potential of cells is closer to the equilibrium potential of K+ (-90mV) rather than Na+ (+61mV)?

1. There is faster primary active transport of K+ than for Na+ by Na+-K+ ATPase

2. Na+ is transported by PRIMARY active transport while K+ is transported by SECONDARY active transport

3. The membrane is more permeable to K+(than Na+) due to a greater number of K+ leak channels

4. Other charged ions (such as Cl- and Ca2+) have a larger influence on membrane potential than does Na+

The membrane is more permeable to K+(than Na+) due to a greater number of K+ leak channels

The proton pump in the stomach, that secretes H+ into the stomach lumen, is called H+/K+ ATPase. It uses ATP to pump H+ against its concentration gradient. What type of transport is this an example of?

1. Passive transport

2. Symport

3. Primary active transport

4. Secondary active transport

5. Cotransport

Primary active transport