1AA3 - WEEK 7

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Last updated 8:52 PM on 4/6/24
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20 Terms

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Phases of Digestion
cephalic, gastric, intestinal
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Cephalic Phase of Digestion
* before/as food is eaten
* stimulates gastric secretion and motility

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**sensory receptors:** to cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem

**CN VII and IX:** salivation

**CN X:** gastric juice release
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Gastric Phase of Digestion
* once bolus reaches stomach
* increases secretion and motility
* neural and hormonal regulation
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Intestinal Phase of Digestion
* once chyme enters SI
* inhibits gastric emptying
* neural and hormonal regulation
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Secretin
* stimulates release of pancreatic juice
* decreases gastric secretions
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Cholecystokinin
* stimulates release of pancreatic juice
* contraction of gallbladder for release
* decreases gastric emptying through pyloric sphincter contraction
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Components of Long Intestine
* cecum
* colon
* rectum
* anal canal
* ileocecal sphincter
* right/left colic flexure
* omental appendices
* vermiform appendix
* intestinal glands
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Teniae Coli
* thickened region of longitudinal muscle
* forms haustra
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Mechanical Digestion in Large Intestine
* gastroileal reflex
* haustral churning
* peristaltic waves
* mass peristalsis
* defacation reflex
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Chemical Digestion in Large Intestine
* only mucus secreted

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**bacteria ferment:** produce vitamins B and K / decompose bilirubin
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Feces
* 3-10 hours
* 90% of H2O reabsorbed
* dead epithelia, undigested food, bacteria
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Kidney Functions

1. excretion
2. regulation of blood pressure and volume
3. regulation of solute concentration in blood
4. pH regulation
5. RBC synthesis regulation
6. vitamin D synthesis
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External Anatomy of Kidney
* renal capsule
* adipose capsule
* renal fascia
* peritoneum
* renal hilum
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Internal Anatomy of Kidney
* renal lobe
* renal medulla
* nephron
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Urine Drainage after Creation
collecting duct → papillary duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureters → urinary bladder
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Nephron Components
* renal corpuscle
* glomerulus
* bowman’s capsule
* renal tubules
* PCT
* loop of Henle
* DCT
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Nephron Types
cortical and juxtamedullary
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Histology of Nephron
* glomerulus
* capsule
* PCT
* nephron loop
* DCT
* CD
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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
maculla densa

* dense sensory receptors on tubule site
* detect H2O, Na+, Cl-

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juxtaglomerular cells

* afferent artery side
* some in glomerulus
* contraction decreases blood flow to glomerulus
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Mesengial Cells
* afferent/efferent arteries
* smooth muscle cells
* contraction decreases blood flow to glomerulus