Chapter 4 Vocab.

Aerobic Respiration

Oxygen must be present in the correct amounts.

Ammonia

Molecules combine with carbon dioxide to yield urea and water

Anabolism

The buildup of larger molecules from smaller molecules from smaller molecules.

Anaerobic

Occurs whether or not oxygen is present.

Catabolism

The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones.

Citric Acid Cycle

Sequence of enzymatic reactions, metabolism of carbon chains of fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars.

Dehydration Synthesis

The process of combination of two molecules with the elimination of water molecules.

Dehydrogenase

Enzymes catalyze reaction and remove hydrogen.

Electron Transport chain

The high-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule.

Energy

The ability to do work and to change or move matter.

Gluconeogenesis

Process of forming new glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules.

Glycogenolysis

Glycogen splitting or lysis occurs when blood glucose levels drops.

Glycolysis

Breakdown of glucose, enzmatically catalyzed reactions.

Hydrolysis

Breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Hyperthermia

When the body cannot lose heat as fast as heat is gained.

Ketogenesis

The metabolic pathway that produces ketone bodies.

Ketones

Organic compounds containing the carbonyl group.

Lipogenesis

It occurs when ATP and glucose levels are high in the cells.

Lipolysis

The breakdown of stored fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Metabolism

It consists of the chemical changes that take place inside living cells.

Oxidases

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of oxygen

Oxidation

Is the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen

Phosphorylation

Glucose in the cell becomes glucoes-6-phosphate.

Urea

Enters the blood to be excreted from the body in urine