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(59) 12. Respiration (Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 for exams in 2023, 2024 and 2025)
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Respiration
A chemical process in which glucose is broken down to release energy for cellular processes.
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2
Enzymes
Proteins that control the process of respiration by catalyzing chemical reactions.
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3
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen, breaking down glucose to release energy, producing carbon dioxide and water.
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4
Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration that occurs without oxygen, producing energy from glucose with byproducts such as lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide.
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5
Oxygen Debt
The temporary shortage of oxygen in the body during vigorous exercise, which leads to anaerobic respiration to provide energy.
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6
Methylene Blue
A dye used as an indicator in experiments to determine the rate of respiration based on color change.
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7
Rate of Respiration
The speed at which respiration occurs, measured by the time taken for indicators to change color in experiments.
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8
Denaturation
The process in which enzymes lose their natural structure and function, typically due to high temperatures.
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9
Glucose
A simple sugar that is a primary energy source for cellular respiration.
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10
Lactic Acid
A byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells, which can cause muscle fatigue.
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11
Word Equation for Aerobic Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.
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12
Balanced Chemical Equation for Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.
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13
Word Equation for Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast
Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide.
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14
Balanced Chemical Equation for Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2.
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15
Effect of Temperature on Respiration
As temperature increases, the rate of respiration generally increases until a certain point (optimal temperature), after which it decreases.
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16
Energy Uses in Living Organisms
Includes muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, nerve impulse transmission, and maintaining body temperature.
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