Vascular System

This set of flashcards encompasses essential concepts from the topic of the vascular system, including anatomy, function, and pathology, aiding in exam preparation.

The function of the vascular structures includes the transport of __, nutrient materials, and waste products.

gases

Arteries carry blood __ from the heart.

away

Veins carry blood __ the heart.

toward

The smallest branches of arteries are called __.

arterioles

After passing through the capillaries, blood is collected in the __.

venules

The three layers of an artery include tunica intima, tunica media, and __.

tunica adventitia

The __ is responsible for supplying the arterial walls with blood.

vasa vasorum

The inner layer of an artery is known as the __.

tunica intima

The middle layer of an artery, made of smooth muscle fibers, is called __.

tunica media

The outer layer of the artery is called __.

tunica adventitia

Veins are __ tubes that carry blood toward the heart.

hollow collapsible

The __ artery supplies blood to the head and neck, branching from the aorta.

common carotid

The __ vein is formed by the union of the common iliac veins.

inferior vena cava

An artery that branches into smaller arteries and finally into arterioles is known as the __.

larger artery

The __ aorta is the largest artery in the body.

ascending

The __ trunk branches into the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery.

celiac

The __ veins carry blood away from the kidneys.

renal

The __ arteries supply blood to the testes or ovaries.

gonadal

When measuring the abdominal aorta, landmarks include the level of the __ and renal vessels.

diaphragm

The diameter of the aorta should be measured at the level of the __ in a transverse plane.

diaphragm

The __ artery supplies the small bowel with five main branches.

superior mesenteric

The inferior mesenteric artery branches into the __ colic artery, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries.

left

The right and left hepatic arteries branch off from the __ artery.

common hepatic

A true aneurysm is classified as being lined by all __ layers of the artery.

three

An __ is defined as a permanent localized dilation of an artery.

aneurysm

Arteriosclerosis leads to thinning and stiffening of the arterial walls, which restricts __ flow.

blood

A __ aneurysm is caused by trauma or infection leading to localized dilation.

pseudoaneurysm

The IVC serves as an important landmark for many other __ structures.

abdominal

The __ veins return unoxygenated blood from the liver.

hepatic

The __ is a large vessel that drains blood from the thoracic and abdominal walls.

azygos vein

Doppler waveforms show a __ flow pattern in the aorta due to pulsatile blood flow.

triphasic

The main portal vein is formed by the union of the __, inferior mesenteric, and splenic veins.

superior mesenteric vein

Portal venous hypertension can be determined using Doppler to assess flow direction, whether __ or hepatofugal.

hepatopetal

The __ transformation of the portal vein occurs in chronic portal vein obstruction.

cavernous

__ valves in veins prevent the backflow of blood.

Special

The __ artery branches off into the right and left gastric arteries.

common hepatic

The __ vein enters the IVC posteriorly at the level of the diaphragm.

hepatic

Endovascular stent grafts are a less invasive approach used to repair an __.

aneurysm

The iliac arteries bifurcate from the abdominal __ at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra.

aorta

The __ vein is responsible for draining the inferior abdominal wall and pelvic structures.

internal iliac

_ occur in abnormal portosystemic anastomoses in cases of portal hypertension.

Varices

The main tributaries of the inferior vena cava include right and left renal veins, gonadal veins, and __ veins.

suprarenal

The __ _ measures the velocity of blood flow in a vessel.

Doppler technique

__ can be visualized using ultrasound, typically in cases of vascular obstruction.

Tumors

The __ veins empty into the IVC at the level of the diaphragm.

hepatic

True ___ forms when the tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases.

aneurysm

An aneurysm's risk increases with factors such as age, smoking, and history of __ disease.

vascular

In the __ section of the aorta, the celiac trunk branches off.

abdominal

The __ artery is known to supply blood to the small intestine.

superior mesenteric

The __ is a common cause of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

atherosclerosis

The IVC should be routinely visualized during all abdomen examinations due to its __ importance.

anatomical

The major branches of the celiac trunk include the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and __ hepatic artery.

common

Renal vein thrombosis may lead to __ in kidney function.

reduction

The __ artery supplies blood to the adrenal glands.

suprarenal

The aorta gives rise to the __ intercostal arteries.

posterior

Individuals with Marfan syndrome may be at higher risk of developing an aortic __.

aneurysm

Immunosuppressive therapy is often used during __ transplants to reduce rejection.

renal

In __ flow patterns, the velocity diminishes in diastole in organs that do not need a constant blood supply.

resistive

Hepatic veins consist of right, middle, and __ hepatic veins.

left

The __ artery is typically responsible for supplying the hepatic artery and other abdominal structures.

common hepatic

Measurement of the aorta should follow its complete __ in various planes.

pathway

A __ vein can suffer from obstruction leading to significant drainage issues from the kidneys.

renal

Measurement of the abdominal aorta is performed to detect abnormalities such as __.

aneurysms

The __ segment of the IVC is commonly visible during examinations of the liver.

intrahepatic

Surgical intervention is considered for __ that exceed 5 cm in diameter.

aneurysms

Doppler analysis of the portal vein assesses flow to determine the presence of __ hypertension.

portal

Color __ imaging helps visualize blood flow dynamics within arteries and veins.

Doppler

Portal venous hypertension causes specific changes like __ of the portal and splenic vein.

dilation

The __ artery branches directly from the abdominal aorta to supply parasympathetic innervation.

inferior mesenteric

The __ can become obstructed leading to the formation of collateral pathways in portal hypertension.

portal vein

Chronic renal disease may alter the normal _ flow patterns in the renal vasculature.

Doppler

The abdominal aorta has multiple branches, including the __, which supplies the small intestine.

superior mesenteric

The inferior vena cava forms from the union of the __ iliac veins and the lumbar veins.

common

High-risk patients with aneurysms greater than 6 cm face critical __ increases.

rupture

Abnormalities of the inferior vena cava may result in congenital conditions like a __ IVC.

double

Congestive heart failure can lead to increased pressure in the __ system.

venous