Abnormal Psychology Test 3

Chapters 12-16

Research about sexuality is…

Surprisingly limited due to taboos about sex practices, feelings, and attitudes

According to the textbook, a significant reason why the progression of sex research is not as rapid as that of other research areas is…

The hesitation of most to be a participant in sex research

Sexual dysfunction is…

Impairment of sexual desire or sexual gratification

The first phase of the human sexual response is…

Desire

Jennifer and her partner enjoy a healthy and satisfying sexual relationship. Jennifer is feeling relaxed and has an overwhelming sense of well-being. According to the normal sexual arousal cycle, what phase is Jennifer in?

Arousal

The DSM-5 combined two separate disorders in women to create the category of female sexual interest/arousal disorder. What was the primary motivation of this change from the DSM-IV?

Research has not demonstrated that sexual interest and arousal are distinguishable in women

An international group of sex researchers has found that up to __ percent of women and __ percent of men experience sexual dysfunction.

45; 32

Which of the following is a symptom of male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

Persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity for at least six months

One common predictor of low sexual desire in men is…

Daily alcohol use

According to Barlow and colleagues, the role of anxiety in erectile dysfunction…

Is less important than the distraction of thinking about it

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Intentional exposure of one’s genitals to others under inappropriate circumstances and without their consent

Fetishism

Sexual variant in which sexual interest centers on some inanimate object or nonsexual part of the body

Frotteurism

A term that refers to an interest in rubbing, usually one’s pelvis or erect penis, against a non-consenting person for sexual gratification

Paraphilic Disorders

Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects, rituals, or situations are required for full sexual satisfaction

Transvestic Disorder

Achievement of sexual arousal and satisfaction by dressing as a member of the opposite sex

Voyeuristic Disorder

Disorder in which an individual achieves sexual pleasure through clandestine “peeping,” usually watching other people disrobe and/or engage in sexual activities

Desire Phase

First phase of the human sexual response, consisting of fantasies about sexual activity or a sense of desire to have sexual activity

Arousal Phase

Second phase of the human sexual response, in which there is generally a subjective sense of sexual pleasure and physiological changes, including penile erection in the male and vaginal lubrication and enlargement in the female

Orgasm

Third phase of the human sexual response, during which there is a release of sexual tension and a peaking of sexual pleasure

Resolution

Final phase of human sexual response, during which a person has a sense of relaxation and well-being

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Sexual dysfunction in which a man shows little or no sexual drive or interest

Schizophrenia occurs in a little under ____ people in the general population

1 out of 100

What is an example of an individual at a high risk of developing schizophrenia?

Juan, whose father was over 50 when he was born

What occupation places individuals at greater risk for developing schizophrenia?

Dry cleaner

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in…

Late adolescence or early adulthood

For every three men diagnosed with schizophrenia, only two women are. Why might this be?

Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms, so they may be misdiagnosed

Delusions are…

Erroneous beliefs held despite clear contradictory evidence

How common are delusions in schizophrenia?

Over 90 percent of those with schizophrenia experience delusions

What is an example of a delusion?

Vernon thinks the Russian intelligence organization is broadcasting his thoughts on the Internet

Starling believes that the documentary on TV last night was broadcast intentionally as a message for her to break up with her partner. She is absolutely certain that this is true and plans to go through with it. This type of belief is an example of a…

Delusion of reference

Hallucinations are…

Disturbances in the context of thought

It is important that mental health professionals have an understanding of the effects of brain damage because…

Brain damage can result in symptoms that look like psychological conditions

What is a true statement about the brain?

The skull could support as much as three tons of weight

Following the updated diagnostic category in the DSM-V, what diagnosis is used for patients thought to have Alzheimer’s disease?

Major neurocognitive disorder associated with Alzheimer’s disease

With a few exceptions, cell bodies and neural pathways in the brain…

Do not appear to have the power of regeneration

What is an example of an individual who is at a greater risk of experiencing cognitive and neurological impairments?

Tan, a nail salon technician

When Ms. Goldberg experienced a stroke, a small area of her brain was deprived of oxygenated blood. This resulted in a…

Focal brain lesion

Most strokes are ____; the other 13 percent are ____. Both types can be disastrous and even fatal

Ischemic; hemorrhagic

Traudi has suffered focal brain damage in her left parietal lobe. She will likely have…

Difficulty solving math problems

Extensive damage to the right parietal lobe of the brain is most likely to result in…

Visual-motor coordination impairment

Following her stroke, Karys no longer cares whether her grandchildren come to visit or not. This would be described as what kind of impairment?

Apathy or emotional blunting

Alogia

A term referring to poverty of speech; a symptom that often occurs in schizophrenia

Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome

Characterized by psychotic-like symptoms that are less severe and more transient and that lie below the threshold for a full psychotic disorder

Avolition

Refers to a psychological state that is characterized by a general lack of drive or motivation to pursue meaningful goals

Flat Affect

The lack of emotional response

Negative Symptoms

Symptoms that reflect an absence or deficit in normal functions (e.g., blunted affect, social withdrawal)

Positive Symptoms

Symptoms that are characterized by something being added to normal behavior or experience. Includes delusions, hallucinations, motor agitation, and marked emotional turmoil

Alzheimer’s Disease

A progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by deterioration in memory, cognition, and basic self-care skills

Delirium

State of mental confusion characterized by relatively rapid onset of widespread disorganization of the higher mental processes

Dementia

Progressive deterioration of brain functioning occurring after the completion of brain maturation in adolescence

Huntington’s Disease

A rare and fatal degenerative disorder that is manifested in jerking, twitching movements, and mental deterioration

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A neurological condition resulting from chronic alcohol abuse and severe malnutrition

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

A new DSM-5 diagnosis, involves severe impairment in cognitive functioning that reflects a significant decline from the person’s previous level of performance

Parkinson’s Disease

A neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor problems and caused by the destruction of dopamine neurons in the brain

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

Disorder of childhood characterized by difficulties that interfere with task-oriented behavior, such as impulsivity, excessive motor activity, and difficulties sustaining attention

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Pervasive developmental disorder beginning in infancy and involving a wide range of problematic behaviors, including deficits in language, perception, and motor development; defective reality testing; and social withdrawal

Conduct Disorder (CD)

Childhood and adolescent disorders that can appear by age 9 and are marked by persistent acts of aggressive or antisocial behavior that may or may not be against the law

What is the underlying conviction of all psychotherapy?

People with psychological problems can change, adapt, and learn new ways of thinking and behaving

What is a disadvantage of psychotherapy

It takes time

Approximately what percentage of adults in the United States receive mental health treatment each year?

15

What is a true statement about therapy?

Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems

What two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have professional training in counseling?

Physicians and the clergy

What type of mental health professional is able to prescribe psychoactive medications in every state?

Psychiatrist

What is a key element of the therapeutic relationship?

Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

Andressa begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. This expectation…

May be enough by itself to produce positive change

What would be the most objective way to evaluate treatment success?

Measuring the change through personality tests and other instruments

Behavior Therapy

Use of therapeutic procedures based primarily on principles of classical and operant conditioning

Client-Centered (Person-Centered) Therapy

Non-directive approach to psychotherapy that focuses on the natural power of the organism to heal itself

Gestalt Therapy

Therapy designed to increase the integration of thoughts, feelings, and actions to promote self-awareness and self-acceptance

Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychological treatment that focuses on individual personality dynamics

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Form of psychotherapy focusing on changing a client’s maladaptive thought processes