Post-War Europe & Rise of Fascism Test

france and britain economic problem post ww1

large war reparations to the US

how did france and britain plan to repay their debts?

using germany’s reparations

reason for high unemployment post ww1

many veterans struggled to find work

why was the US economy important to europe’s economy?

the US loaned money to europe, so global stability depended on it

where did the great depression begin?

US

why did factories begin laying off workers during TGD?

more production than demand

how did unemployment affect the global economy?

less spending caused international trade to decline

what percentage of german workers were unemployed by 1932?

~30%

fascism

centralized, authoritarian government that’s not communist

3 characteristics of fascism

• extreme nationalism

• militarism

• loss of individual rights

in fascism, what is more important: the individual or the state?

the state

what does “blind loyalty” mean in fascism

total obedience to state and leader

why did people support fascist governments?

promised stability, jobs, and national pride during crisis

how is fascism similar to communism?

both are totalitarian and deny individual rights

why was italy unstable after ww1?

strikes, unemployment, high taxes, and a weak government

who was the leader of fascist italy?

benito mussolini

what group used violence to help mussolini gain power?

the blackshirts

what was the march on rome?

a 1922 fascist takeover that pressured the king to give mussolini power

why did the king appoint mussolini as prime minister?

he feared civil war

what title did mussolini take?

il duce

how did mussolini stay in power?

secret police, censorship, intimidation, and violence

how did fascist economies work?

businesses stayed private but were controlled by the state

what was the fascist slogan in italy?

“Belive! Obey! Fight!”

what treaty punished germany after ww1?

treaty of versailles

name two punishments germany faced under the treaty

reparations and military reduction

weimar republic

germany’s democratic government after ww1

why was the weimar republic unpopular?

blamed for the treaty of versailles and economic problems

what caused hyperinflation in germany?

printing too much money to pay reparations

what happened to the value of german money?

it became nearly worthless

adolf hitler

leader of nazi germany

what political party did hitler lead?

the nazi party

what is mein kampf?

a book written by hitler explaining nazi beliefs

name two ideas from mein kampf

extreme nationalism and anti-semitism

why did TGD help hitler rise to power?

people wanted jobs and strong leadership

when did hitler become chancellor?

1933

what was the third reich?

hitler’s totalitarian nazi government

what groups enforced nazi control?

the ss and the gestapo

nuremburg laws

laws that stripped jews of rights and citizenship

why were jews used as scapegoats?

nazis blamed them for germany’s problems

kristallnacht

a 1938 nazi attack on jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues

what does kristallnacht mean?

night of broken glass

italia irredenta

unredeemed italy

lateran accords

agreement between the kingdom of italy and the vatican city that recognized the latter as an independant state

corporate state

a country in which a large part of the economy is controlled by the government

kapp putsch

failed coup d’état by right-wing soldiers in berlin

brownshirts

early nazi militia

lebensraum

territory that a state or nation believes is needed for its natural development

aryan myth

pseudoscientific concept of a superior “aryan race”

hindenburg

german president

enabling act

law passed by a legislative body that gives specific powers to another entity

reichstag fire

arson attack to suspend civil liberties and crush political opposition