HPS Systems of the Earth (Unit 8)
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42 Terms
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Cyanobacteria
Brought oxygen to the Earth through photosynthesis
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Supercontinent
All land masses come together to create one big continent
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Differentiation
When substances within the geosphere are separated by density
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Outgassing
Gas escapes Earth’s crust and travels into the atmosphere
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Meteoroid
Small rock in outer space
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Red Bed
Iron turns red due to free oxygen
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Biogeochemical Cycles
The process of how life, Earth, and elements of compounds interact
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Mechanisms / Fluxes
How a substances moves through a cycle
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Reservoir / Sinks
Where a substance is stored in a cycle
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Polarity (water)
When water’s shape is a little bubble
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Heat Capacity (water)
Water takes a lot of heat to heat up
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Expansion Upon Freezing
Water expands as it freezes
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Universal Solvent (water)
Mostly anything dissolves in water
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Evaporation
When a substance changes from a liquid into a gas
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Transpiration
The release of water vapor through plants
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Condensation
When a substance changes from gas to liquid
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Precipitation
When water builds up in clouds and begins to fall
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Collection
When water falls to Earth and collects in a body of water or the ground
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Runoff
When water does not soak into the ground but instead runs into a body of water
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Percolation
The movement to water in soil
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Infiltration
When water soaks into the ground
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Photosynthesis
The process when plants take in sunlight and CO2 and create glucose and O2
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Cellular Respiration
Breathing or photosynthesis
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Nitrogen Fixation
the process by which bacteria takes N2 gas and turns it into usable N compounds
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Weather
What it’s like outside day to day
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Climate
The weather of a place over a longer period of time
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Eccentricity
The ovalness of Earth’s orbit
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Precession / Wobble
The time of year the Earth is tilted to/away from the sun
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Tilt
The amount the Earth is angled
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Influences on Climate (Global)
Earth’s Orbit, Axis Tilt, Mountain Ranges, Oceans, Differential Heating, Latitude, Greenhouse Effect, Volcanism
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Differential Heating
The Earth isn’t heated the same amount all around
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Climate Change
A long-term shift in the weather patterns
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Sequestration
The process of capturing and storing Carbon Dioxide
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Acidity
When the ocean takes in CO2 and creates H2CO3
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Salinity
How much salt is in the ocean water
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Temperature
Average Kinetic Energy
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Natural Atmospheric Change
Something that changes the atmosphere naturally
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Artificial Atmospheric Change
Something that humans/organisms do to cause the atmosphere to change
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Nuclear Energy
Lots of energy in a little reaction
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Chemical Energy
Small amounts of energy released through chemical change
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Carbon Footprint
How an individual/community impacts the Earth
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More electric vehicles, public transportation, less factories, walking, going vegetarian, etc
What can be done about Climate Change?