APUSH Manifest Destiny and the Sectional Crisis Flashcards
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A slave uprising in 1831 led by Nat Turner in Virginia, resulting in the deaths of 60 white people and harsh reprisals against African Americans. The rebellion heightened tensions over slavery and led to stricter slave codes.
The 19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined by God to expand westward, spreading democracy and capitalism. This ideology justified the expansion into territories such as Texas and Oregon, often at the expense of Native American populations.
The process of admitting the independent Republic of Texas as the 28th state in 1845, leading to tensions with Mexico. Texas was admitted as a slave state with Oregon as a free state. This event was fueled by the desire for westward expansion and the implications it had on slavery and U.S.-Mexico relations.
A region that was jointly occupied by Britain and the U.S. until the Oregon Treaty of 1846, establishing U.S. claims. It was a key area in the westward expansion, attracting settlers and contributing to the debate over slavery in newly acquired territories.
Territory ceded by Mexico to the U.S. after the Mexican-American War, including present-day California, Arizona, and others. This cession significantly increased U.S. territory and intensified debates over slavery in the new lands.
A proposal introduced in 1846 to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico; it was never passed. The Wilmot Proviso aimed to prevent the expansion of slavery into territories gained from the Mexican-American War, highlighting the growing sectional tensions over the issue.
A failed attempt in 1860 to resolve sectional tensions by extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific. It proposed protecting slavery in all territories south of this line, but ultimately did not gain sufficient support.
A series of violent confrontations in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions from 1854 to 1859. These conflicts were sparked by the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed settlers to determine the status of slavery in the territories.
An attempt by abolitionist John Brown in 1859 to start a slave revolt by seizing the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry. His goal was to arm enslaved people and encourage them to rise against their masters, but the raid failed and Brown was captured.
A package of five bills aimed at resolving sectional conflicts, including the admission of California as a free state. It also included provisions regarding the status of slavery in Utah and New Mexico territories, the abolition of the slave trade in Washington D.C., and a stronger Fugitive Slave Act.
The division of the U.S. into regions with distinct economic, cultural, and political interests before the Civil War. North opposed slavery, while the South supported it, leading to increasing tensions. North had a more industrial economy and favored tariffs, while the South relied on agriculture and sought to maintain slavery.
A document from 1854 urging the U.S. to annex Cuba by force to expand slavery and increase southern power. It was seen as an attempt to spread slavery into new territories, causing controversy and opposition in the North.
An 1854 law drawn up by Stephen Douglas that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed popular sovereignty to decide slavery issues. It led to violent conflicts known as "Bleeding Kansas" as pro- and anti-slavery factions clashed over the status of slavery in these territories.
A U.S. senator known for his debates with Lincoln and for pushing the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He was a key proponent of popular sovereignty and aimed to facilitate westward expansion.
The 16th President of the U.S., leader during the Civil War, and issuer of the Emancipation Proclamation. He preserved the Union and worked to end slavery.
A series of debates in 1858 focused on slavery and its expansion into territories, between Lincoln and Douglas. They discussed the moral, economic, and political implications of slavery, highlighting the stark differences in their beliefs.
A law passed in 1850 requiring citizens to assist in capturing runaway slaves and imposing penalties on those who aided them. It intensified sectional tensions and was part of the Compromise of 1850.
An American abolitionist and author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, pivotal in changing Northern attitudes toward slavery. She used her writing to expose the brutal realities of enslaved people's lives and advocate for their freedom.
A 1857 Supreme Court decision by Roger Taney ruling African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.
A political party active in the early 19th century opposing President Jackson and supporting federal government strength. It advocated for economic modernization, infrastructure development, and a strong national bank.
A short-lived political party opposing the expansion of slavery into western territories, advocating for 'free soil' for poor farmers.
A political party formed in 1860 represented by John Bell to avoid secession and civil war, advocating for preservation of the Union. It aimed to appeal to moderate voters and maintain a neutral stance on slavery.
A major U.S. political party historically supportive of states' rights, often defending slavery pre-Civil War. It evolved from the Democratic-Republican Party and has undergone significant ideological shifts over time, playing a key role in American politics.
An anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic political party in the 1850s that later merged to form the Republican Party. It sought to limit immigration and influence of Catholicism in politics, promoting nativist policies.
Founded in 1854 as an anti-slavery party seeking to prevent the expansion of slavery into new territories. It attracted former Whigs, Free Soilers, and anti-slavery Democrats, becoming a major political force leading up to the Civil War.
A Southern agrarian who advocated for secession and fired the first shots at Fort Sumter, starting the Civil War. He was a prominent figure in the pro-slavery movement and believed in the necessity of slavery for the Southern economy.
An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist known for her speech 'Ain't I a Woman?' in 1851. She was born into slavery and became a prominent advocate for both abolition and women's suffrage, emphasizing the intersection of race and gender in her activism.
A former enslaved woman who helped many escape to freedom via the Underground Railroad. She was also a spy for the Union during the Civil War and a prominent activist for abolition and women's rights.
An African American abolitionist who advocated for slave rebellion and immediate abolition of slavery. He was the first African American to speak before the U.S. Congress and believed in the necessity of armed resistance against slavery.
The act of Southern states leaving the Union leading up to and during the Civil War, starting with South Carolina. This was primarily driven by issues such as states' rights, slavery, and economic differences.
The 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy during the Civil War. They were primarily motivated by the desire to maintain slavery and states' rights.
The Northern states and border states that remained loyal to the U.S government during the Civil War. They opposed secession and fought to preserve the Union, primarily against the Confederate States.
Slave states that remained part of the Union during the Civil War, including Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and West Virginia. Abraham Lincoln promised not to touch their slaves. These states were crucial for both strategic and political reasons, as they provided resources and manpower while also influencing the conflict's dynamics.
A prominent U.S. senator known for crafting the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. He played a key role in easing sectional tensions and was an advocate for the American System, promoting economic development and internal improvements.
The 8th President of the U.S. and a key figure in the formation of the Democratic Party. He served from 1837 to 1841 and faced economic challenges, including the Panic of 1837. He created the Free Soil Party.
The 9th President of the U.S. who served only 31 days before dying in office. He is best known for his military leadership in the Battle of Tippecanoe and his slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" during the 1840 election.
The 10th President of the U.S. who annexed Texas after Harrison's death. He was the first vice president to succeed to the presidency due to the death of his predecessor and faced significant opposition in his attempt to expand U.S. territory.
The 6th President of the U.S., known for the Monroe Doctrine and his opposition to slavery as a congressman. He served from 1825 to 1829 and was a strong advocate for modernization and education.
The 11th President of the U.S., responsible for the Mexican-American War and territorial acquisitions. He expanded the United States significantly, including the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Territory.
The 12th President of the U.S. and hero of the Mexican-American War, dying in office after 16 months. He was a military leader known for his role in the Battle of Buena Vista and was a member of the Whig Party.
A violent incident in 1856 where Congressman Brooks beat Senator Sumner over an anti-slavery speech. This event highlighted the growing tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the U.S., symbolizing the increasing polarization over the issue of slavery.
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