Rise and Spread of Islam

Hijra

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE

Khadija

Muhammed’s wife who financially supported his early preaching

Jahiliyyah

Period of ignorance and polytheism before Islam

Abraham (Ibrahim)

Revered in Islam as an important patriarch

Early Islamic status

Based on whether one was from the conqueror or conquered group

Translation Movement

Preserved ancient knowledge by translating words into Arabic

Abbasid Tolerance

Non-Muslims were protected and allowed to practice religion

Muhammad’s leadership crisis

After his death, the key issue was succession

Aksum

Provided refuge to Muslims fleeing persecution

Byzantine-Sasanian Wars

Their conflict allowed Islam to rise unopposed