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What is a precipitation reaction?
soluble antigen + soluble antibody
What is prozone?
excess antibodies
What is the zone of equivalence?
antibody binding sites = antigen binding sites
What is post-zone?
excess antigen
What are the 4 methods of precipitation?
nephelometry
radial diffusion
ouchterlony
immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)
What precipitation method uses scattered light to measure amount of antigen/antibody present?
nephelometry
What precipitation method involves an antigen diffusing across agar that is infused with antibody?
radial diffusion
How do you measure the concentration of antigen from a radial diffusion test?
square of diameter
What precipitation method is a double diffusion where both antigen and antibody diffuse out from wells?
ouchterlony
What ouchterlony pattern is this?
identity/identical
What ouchterlony pattern is this?
nonidentity/different
What ouchterlony pattern is this?
partial identity
What precipitation reaction is a double diffusion where the antibody is applied directly on top of the agar?
IFE
What is an agglutination reaction?
particulate antigen + soluble antibody
What type of agglutination involves an antigen found naturally on a particle and its complement antibody?
direct agglutination
What type of agglutination involves the antigens found naturally on RBCs?
hemagglutination (direct agglutination)
What type of agglutination involves antigens that were attached to a particle and its complement antibody?
passive agglutination
What type of agglutination involves antibodies that were attached to a particle and its complement antibody?
reverse passive agglutination
What type of agglutination is based on binding site competition between partiulate and soluble antigens?
agglutination inhibition
A lack of agglutination on an agglutination inhibition test would mean what?
negative = patient serum does not have antigen/antibody
What type of agglutination uses bacteria (S. aureus) coated in antibodies?
coagglutination
The (direct/indirect) COOMBS agglutination test is used to demonstrate in vivo attachment of antibody to RBC.
direct
The (direct/indirect) COOMBS agglutination test is used for detecting unexpected antibodies in donor serum.
indirect
What labeled immunoassay is the competition between labeled antigen and unlabeled patient antigen?
competitive immunoassay
What type of non-competitive immunoassay involves a labeled antigen/antibody binding to the patients antigen/antibody in serum?
direct immunoassay
What type of non-competitive immunoassay involves a secondary labeled antigen/antibody binding to a bound antigen/antibody in patient serum?
indirect immunoassay
What type of non-competitive immunoassay involves the detection of an antigen in a patients serum that is trapped between 2 antibodies and using a secondary antibody as the substrate?
sandwich/capture immunoassay
What is the first immunoassay developed that can measure trace amounts of analytes?
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Horseradish peroxidase is a substrate used in what kind of immunoassays?
enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
What kind of EIA is the ELISA?
competitive/direct/indirect/sandwich heterogenous immunoassay
What type of ELISA is this?
competitive
What type of ELISA is this?
direct
What type of ELISA is this?
indirect
What type of ELISA is this?
sandwich/capture
(Heterogenous/Homogenous) ELISAs are less sensitives.
homogenous
What type of EIA is the EMIT?
competitive homogenous immunoassay
What is the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) used for?
determine concentration of therapeutic drugs and hormones
An FPIA detecting high concentration of drug/hormone will emit light with a (shorter/longer) wavelength.
longer
(Fluorescent/Chemiluminescent) immunoassays measure the emission of light due to excited particles.
chemiluminescent
Note 
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