PHILARTS001 - GAMABA, Theater, Music, Film, Dance, Philippine National Artist, Photography/Digital Art, and Contemporary Art Production

2nd Quarter of the First Semester

GAMABA

Also known as Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or National Living Treasures Award

GAMABA

The award was institutionalized in 1992 through RA. No. 7335

GAMABA

The (NCCA) The National Commission for Culture and Arts implemented this award.

GAMABA

The award is conferred upon a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino.

GAMABA

The award was first given to three outstanding artists in music and poetry in 1993.

GAMABA

Its roots came from the 1988 National Folk Artists Award which was organized by the Rotary Club of Makati-Ayala.

Qualifications to become a Manlilikhang Bayan

He/she is an inhabitant of an indigenous/ traditional cultural community anywhere in the Philippines that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals, and traditions and/ or has syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.

He/she must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existed and documented for at least fifty(50) years.

He/she must have consistently performed or produced over a significant period, works of superior and distinctive quality.

He/she must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an established reputation in the art as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality.

He/she must have passed on and/or will pass on to the other members of the community their skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known.

Significance of GAMABA

The main objective of the award is to honor and support traditional folk artists and to see to it that their skills and crafts are preserved.

The award is tied with a program that ensures the transfer of their skills to new generations and the promotion of the craft both locally and internationally.

Recognition for GAMABA Awardee whose age or infirmity has left him/her incapable of teaching his/her craft

He/she had created a significant body of works and/ or has consistently displayed excellence in the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development.

He/she has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition.

He/she has passed on the other members of the community skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known.

His/her community has recognized him/her as a master and teacher of his/her craft.

Duties and Responsibilitties of GAMABA

To transfer the skills of his/her traditional folk art to the younger generation through apprenticeship and such other training methods as are found to be effective.

To cooperate with the implementing agency, as provided for in Section 7 of this Act, in the promotion and propagation of his/ her traditional folk arts; and.

To donate to the National Museum a sample or copy of his/her work.

Eduardo Mutuc

2005 AWARDEE – REG. 3 / PROVINCE – PAMPANGA

CREATES RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR ART IN SILVER, BRONZE, AND WOOD.

WORKS INCLUDE RERABLOS, MIRRORS, ALTARS, AND CAROSAS IN CHURCH AND PRIVATE COLLECTION.

EXPERTISE INCLUDE SCULPTURE AND METALWORKS/CRAFT

Darhata Sawabi

2005 AWARDEE – REG. ARMM / PROVINCE – SULU

A TAUSUG WEAVER OF PIS SYABIT – THE TRADITIONAL CLOTH TAPESTRY WORD AS HEAD COVER.

PIS SYABIT IS A HANDWOVEN SQUARE MEASURING 39-40 INCHES, TAKES 3 MONTHS TO WEAVE.

EXPERTISE INCLUDE HEADDRESS WEAVING, NATIVE ATTIRE, BAGS, AND OTHER ACCESSORIES.

Haja Amina Appi

2005 AWARDEE – REG. ARMM / PROVINCE – TAWI TAWI

RECOGNIZED AS A MASTER MAT WEAVER AMONG SAMA INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY.

TECHNIQUES –STRAIGHTNESS OF HER EDGING (TABIG) , AND FINENESS OF HER SASA AND KIMA-KIMA

Lang Dulay

1998 AWARDEE – REG. 12 / PROVINCE – SOUTH COTABATO

A T’BOLI TRADITIONAL WEAVER OR TINALAK OR T’BOLI CLOTH MADE OF COLORFUL ABACA FIBERS

DESIGN INCLUDES BULINGLANGIT (CLOUDS) , BANKIRING (HAIR BANGS), AND KABANGI (BUTTERFLY)

Salinta Monon

1998 AWARDEE – REG. 11 / PROVINCE – DAVAO DEL SUR

A TAGABANWA-BAGOBO TRADITIONAL WEAVER OF DISTINCT ABACA FABRICS CALLED INABAL

WORKS INCLUDE HAND-WOVEN TUBE SKIRT OF BAGOBO, WHICH THE SINUKLA AND BANDIRA. ALSO, INCLUDE THE BINUWAYA (CROCODILE DESIGN) WHICH IS HARDEST TO MAKE

Federico Caballero

2000 AWARDEE – REG. 6 / PROVINCE – ILOILO

A SULOD BUKIDNON EPIC CHANTER FROM KALINOG, ILOILO

HE IS CONSIDERED AS A BANTUGAN, A PERSON WHO HAS ATTAINED DISTINCTION.

Masino Intaray

1993 AWARDEE – REG. 4B / PROVINCE – PALAWAN

A PROLIFIC AND PRE-EMINENT EPIC CHANTER AND STORYTELLER.

HE IS RECOGNIZED FOR HIS OUTSTANDING MASTERY OF VARIOUS TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENT SUCH AS BASAL, KULILA, AND BAGIT.

Magdalena Gamayo

2012 AWARDEE – REG. 1/ PROVINCE – ILOCOS NORTE

MASTER WEAVER WHO MAKES INABEL, AND ILOKANO HANDWOVEN CLOTH.

DURING WW2 SHE USED TO SPIN HER OWN COTTON AND BRUSHED IT WITH BEESWAX.

Theater

It is an art form that refers to an art that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an audience.

Performers

These are persons who are onstage and portray their characters in a convincing way for the audience.

Audience

The performers have to present in front of an audience and connect with them. They tend to respond to the energy the audience shows while watching the play.

Director

He/she serves as an overseer to the entire production. He or she ensures that the performers are doing their job as well, including understanding and delivering the text. He/she also ensures that the production design works as well.

Performance Space

This element may refer to the space in which the actors can perform. It may also refer to the space for the audience to sit or stand.

Design

It is is essential in placing the overall feel of the production. There are two aspects of this. Visual aspects include lighting, set and costumes while nonvisual primarily include sound effects.

Text

This refer to the script. This must be presented in a particular play or production.

Playwright

The one who writes a play.

Dulang Pahiyang

In this category, the theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as part of life.

Ritual

It is described as a way to communicate with gods or spirits.

Duplo

It is described as a poetic debate, in which the balagtasan was derived from.

Bayok

It is a Maranao Mimetic joust. The theme of joust depends on the occasion.

Balitaw

It is a poetic debate between a man and a woman.

Dulambayan

Also known as people's theater, this is considered "theater in the context of social movements."

Drama Simboliko

This refers to the allegorical nationalist drama which began during the American regime.

Street Theater

This refers to the theater that is presented outside of the theater building and without a stage area.

Teatrong Pansimbahan

This type of theater is concerned with spirituality. This is usually performed depending on the events in the church calendar (Catholic-Protestant)

Secular (Komedya)

These are mostly found in fiestas or mass gathering and celebration, it tells a certain story of when Queen Elena and the Emperor Constantino went to look for the Holy Cross.

Religious (Komedya)

It is also called Komedya de Santo; it focuses on the life of Jesus Christ and other saints, and it typically uses extravagant costumes to fully emphasize God and the way we treat Him and our saints with utmost praises.

Flores

It is presented in the month of May and has three variations: a festival of flowers in honor of Mary (Flores de Mayo), the everyday offering of flowers to the image of the Virgin (alay), or the closing procession on the last Sunday of May (Flores de Maria).

Huling Hapunan

This is an actual supper enacted to commemorate the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples on the night before His crucifixion.

Moriones

This is a short street play portraying the capture and beheading of Roman soldier Longinus, who was involved in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

Paghuhugas ng Paa

This short ritual reenacts Christ washing the feet of his disciples before the last supper.

Panunuluyan

This is a procession that reenacts Mary and Joseph's search for an inn in Bethlehem.

Indigenous Theater

This type of theater is usually seen in the form of rituals, mimetic customs, and dances.

Plays with Spanish Influence

These plays include drama, komedya, senakulo, an sarswela. It is generally described as a musical play with a particular structure and standards.

Theater with Anglo-American Influence

This comprises of bodabil, and modern Filipino plays written in English and in Filipino. Also a stage entertainment consisting of various acts (such as performing animals, comedians, or singers).

Vaudeville

A light often comic theatrica piece frequently combining pantomine, dialogue, dancing, and song.

Honorata "Atang" De La Rama (January 11, 1902 – July 11, 1991)

Was a singer and bodabil performer who became the first Filipina film actress. Perform in major Manila theaters such as the Teatro Libertad and the Teatro Zorilla, cockpits and open plazas in Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao.

ROLANDO S. TÍNIO (March 5, 1937 – July 7, 1997)

Was a Filipino poet, dramatist, director, actor, critic, essayist, and educator. Translated plays "Laruang Kristal" (The Glass Menagerie) (1966), "Rama Hari" (Rama, King) (1980).

Lamberto V. Avellana (February 12, 1915 – April 25, 1991)

Was a prominent Filipino film and stage director. Despite considerable budgetary limitations that hampered the post-war Filipino film industry. Filmography: Ang Bukas Ay Atin (1973), Ang Pag-ibig Ko'y Huwag Mong Sukatin (1975).

During the Spanish Colonization

They promulgated religious music. The different religious orders believed in the power of music to convert the natives, that is why the friars received musical training in Spain before traveling to the country.

The Americans

Them, through public school system, taught children simple hymns and Filipino songs rendered in a western style or beat. Schools also became a venue to study other musical instruments such as the cello, violin, etc.

The mid-twentieth-century Filipino music

Filipinos eventually developed a more Filipinized flavor through the use of the vernacular in lyrics and creation of wholly original composition. The technique of combining Western form with Filipino sensibilities is the most popular and common style employed by many contemporary artists.

Melody

It pertains to a series of notes together. This is the most memorable part of the music. It is the tune of a musical piece. For example, the tune one one plays when asked to hum “Happy Birthday.”

Harmony

It is the sound of two or more notes heard at the same time. It is when sounds form a cohesive whole. It is created when all those notes are heard simultaneous.

Rhythm

It is the flow or movement of music through time.

Tempo

It is a part of rhythm. This pertains to the speed of the music (fast or slow).

Beat

It is a part of rhythm. This refers to the steady and regular pulse in music.

Texture

It is the layers of musical sounds. It had three kinds: monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.

Monophonic

This pertains to a piece that has a single melody and has no harmony.

Dynamic

It refers to the softness and loudness of music. It is used by composers to express how they want their audience to feel or convey the mood the piece through volume and intensity.

Timbre

It is also known as “tone color” and the unique quality of the sound. It helps in distinguishing the different sources of sound. For instance, a person’s voice and musical instrument may have the same note but they are distinct in the sound they make.

Ethnic traditional music

Originally made from Philippines where at least Filipino avoided Spanish influence.

Ballad

Songs that tells a story about a certain event. This refer as a popular romantic song in urban area. Examples: Region 10 Bukidnon - Idangdang.

Chant

Found in epic songs, this refers to a song unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm. Example: "Region CAR" The Cordillera.

Song debate

Song about men and women who try to outsmart each other, themes usually include love, courtship, and marriage. Example: "Visayas Region 6,7,& 8" Anugon - Anugon is a Balitaw in song debate form.

European influenced

There are religious and even secular music.

Art song

Merging the voice part, lyrics and the accompaniment together to achieve an artistic musical whole. Example: Minamahal Kita - Kundiman.

Habanera / Danza

Social dance, originally from Cuba, usually performed on a stage or a ballroom. Example: Ikaw rin - Nicanor Abelardo.

Lithurgic Music

Vocal and instrumental composition that go together with the official rites of Christian churches. Example: Glory and Praise.

Kumintang

Originally documented as war song, dance of love, accompanied by a guitar and bajo de uñas. Example: Region 4-A Prinsesa ng Kumintang.

Pasyon chant

Various styles used throughout the country for the singing of bible verses.

American inspired

Composed of popular, classical, and semi classical music.

Classical music

From the western country, classical and modern music adapted by Filipinos. Example: Chamber Music - Instrumental music played by a small ensemble, each part is played by one performer, different from orchestra music because of the latter involves several instruments playing one part.

Choral music

This involves music written for a group of singers, can be monodic or sung together.

Opera

Essentially a drama act, sung and accompanied by instrument.

Concerto

Musical composition usually for an orchestra and a soloist or a group of soloists.

Sonata

Solo instrument or a small instrumental ensemble.

Symphonic literature

Composition for an orchestra may contain several movements.

Symphony

Considered as a sonata written to be played by an orchestra.

Suite

A well-arranged set of individual movements.

Concert overture

Composition that is typically written in a sonata - allegro form, has one movement with many sections.

Symphonic Poem

Or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source.

Band Music

Compositions created for the band, which is a group of brass, percussions, and woodwind. Brass brand, symphonic band, military, and jazz band.

March Band

Composition with music played in regular phrases, strongly accented rhythm, usually 4/4 time signature. Played with dance or marching groups.

Popular music

Some are originally composed by Filipinos which utilizes western and local musical influences, fusion of rock gave birth to "Pinoy Pop."

Pinoy Rock

Usually played with drums, electric guitars and synthesizers. Example: Apo Hiking Society 1969 - Batang bata ka pa.

Pinoy folk

Simple and repetitive tunes. Example: Freddie Aguilar - Anak.

Pinoy disco

Adaptation of western disco. Example: The Boyfriends - Sumayaw sumunod.

Rap

Usually fast paced, rhythmic narration. Example: Francis Magalona - Kaleidoscope.

Protest songs

Express and promote changing social and political system, inspire bravery, heroism and nationalism. Example: Constacio De Guzman and Jose Corazon de Jesus - Bayan Ko.

Jazz and classical music

Introduced by American soldiers, the genre opened up many opportunities for Filipino performers who have turned it into a musical tradition in the Philippines. Example: Emil Mijares - I get a kick.

Levi Celerio

(April 30, 1910 – April 2, 2002) was a Filipino composer and lyricist who is credited to writing not less than 4,000 songs.

He is also known for using the leaf as a musical instrument which led to being recognized as the "only man who could play music using a leaf."

Composition/s - "Ikaw", "Kahit Konting Pagtingin", "Saan Ka Man Naroroon?"

José Montserrat Maceda

(January 31, 1917 – May 5, 2004) was a Filipino composer and ethnomusicologist.

Composition/s - "Cassette 100" for 100 cassette players (1971), "Ugnayan" for 20 radio stations (1974).

Francisco Feliciano

(19 February 1941 – 19 September 2014) was a Filipino composer and conductor.

Composition/s - Buksan mo ang aming mga labi (published 1982), Three Visayan folksongs: for high voice (published 1998).

Music

Is a form of art; an expression of emotions through harmonic frequencies. It is also a form of entertainment that puts sounds together in a way that people like, find interesting or dance to.

Film

It is the sequence of a moving pictures that shows on television or in a cinema.

Film

Also called movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form used to simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images.

Cinema

Short for cinematography, is often used to refer to film-making and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.

Physical Time

This refers to the time for an action to take place as it is being filmed and projected on the screen.

This can be altered through accelerated motion, slow motion, stop motion, and reverse motion.

Psychological Time

This refers to the impression of the viewer on how long does it take for a certain action to take place, how he/she feels when watching that particular action.