LESSON 2 - CUTS

The Self from Various Perspectives (Psychology)

Psychology

It is the science of behavior and mental processes.

psyche (soul) and logos (study)

Psychology originates from two Greek words: )_______________.

self-concept, self-esteem, self-awareness, and self-perception

The self has many aspects that help make up an integral part of it. Examples of these are __________________.

Sigmund Freud

He was an Austrian neurologist. He is considered the founder of psychoanalysis.

id, ego, and superego

Freud contended that the self is the outcome of the interaction between the three structures of the mind: the _______________.

das es

Id is also called as?

das ich

Ego is also called as?

uber-ich"

Superego is also called as?

Id

It is the pleasure principle.

superego

It is the morality principle.

Ego

It is the reality principle.

immediate gratification of impulses ignoring consequences.

The id focuses and seeks what is ___________________.

rational and thoughtful

The ego focuses and seeks what is ___________________.

responsible for society's moral standards.

The superego focuses and seeks what is ___________________.

Psychosexual Development

According to Freud, children are born with powerful sexual and aggressive urges orcalled _______________________.

five years

He(Freud) also emphasized that a child's first ______________ are the most critical developmental stage for social and personality development

oral - anal - phallic - latency - genital

What are the five psychosexual stages of children? (in order)

Birth up to 12 months

The oral stage should be developed by the time of __________________.

One to three years old

The anal stage should be developed by the time of __________________.

Three to six years old

The phallic stage should be developed by the time of __________________.

Six Years old to puberty

The latency stage should be developed by the time of __________________.

Puberty to adulthood

The genital stage should be developed by the time of __________________.

Infant’s mouth (feeding)

What is the erogenous zone during the oral stage?

Toddler’s anus (bowel and bladder control)

What is the erogenous zone during the anal stage?

Genitals (masturbation)

What is the erogenous zone during the phallic stage?

N/A (dormant sexual feelings)

What is the erogenous zone during the latency stage?

Other people’s genitals or whole body (reproduction and pleasure)

What is the erogenous zone during the genital stage?

Fixation

It refers to the unsuccessful attainment of the erogenous goals.

Weaning

Successful oral training positively results to?

Toilet training

Successful anal training positively results to?

Gender Identification

Successful phallic training positively results to?

Socialization

Successful latency training positively results to?

Intimate relationships (dating and mating)

Successful genital training positively results to?

Oral

A person tends to be talkative, sarcastic, or cursive (oral aggresive); or tends to suck on thumb are fixations of what psychosexual stage?

Anal

Perfectionist, meticulous, overly tidy, stubborn, stingy (anal retentive) or disorganized, distractive, and clumsy (anal expulsive) are fixations of what psychosexual stage?

Phallic

Oedipus Complex and Electra Complex are fixations of what psychosexual stage?

Latency

Dormant sex instinct sublimated in school activities, hobbies, sports, and making friends are fixations of what psychosexual stage?

Genital

Fixation in the prior stage could result in frigidity, impotence, Difficulty in intimate Relationships are fixations of what psychosexual stage?

Oedipus complex

(mama's boy) son's attraction to his mother

Electra complex

(daddy's girl) daughter's affection for her father

Defense mechanisms

_____________ are unconscious techniques used by the ego to avoid confronting aggressive and sexual urges, as well as to defend itself when anxiety becomes intolerable.

denial or distortion of reality, and occurring unconsciously

Despite their differences in detail, all defense mechanisms share these common characteristics: __________________________.

Repression

The unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts and feelings

Denial

A person's refusal to accept reality due to a painful experience

Regression

Reverting to a less mature way by adopting childish behavior

Projection

Attribution of unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone or something else

Displacement

Shifting a feeling, thought, or action toward a more vulnerable target

Reaction Formation

Adopting beliefs, attitudes, and feelings that are directly opposite to your own views

Rationalization

Attempting to justify one's action to dismiss unpleasant feelings

Sublimation

Redirecting unacceptable drives into personally and socially acceptable channels

Introjection

Incorporating positive qualities of another person into their own ego

Fixation

Process where an individual may be persistently focused on an early stage of psychosexual development because one's wishes are over-gratified or under-gratified

Carl Jung

He was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist. He is the founder of analytical psychology and a student of Sigmund Freud.

Carl Jung

He believed that since the beginning of time and through the repetitive experiences of our ancestors, these experiences have formed archetypes.

Archetypes

__________ are defined as ancient images that derive from the collective unconscious (Moulik, n.d.). These images cause us to react sensitively to symbols of nativity, dying, god figures, mother and father figures, figures of the opposite sex, and so on.

dreams; some are through fantasies and delusions

Archetypes express themselves mainly through ____________________.

The Persona, The Shadow, The Anima or Animus, The Self

The Four Major Jungian Archetypes

The persona

It is the mask you use to present yourself to the world.

The shadow

It is the darker side of you. This consists of sex and life instincts.

The anima and animus

They are the masculine and feminine aspects of personality that all people have.

The "self"

It symbolizes the psyche.

self-realization

For Jung, ______________ is the process of attaining selfhood.

Selfhood

______________ means enabling all the psychological components to work in unity and harmony. People who have achieved this state have been able to acquire a balance between and among the archetypes.

Erik Erikson

He was a German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst. He was a professor at Harvard, University of California, and Yale and famous for his psychosocial development theory and has been recognized for creating the phrase identity crisis.

psychosocial developmental theory

Erik Erikson's ______________ claims that self-identity progresses in eight stages, each facing a specific psychosocial dilemma or "crisis" throughout the lifetime.

harmonious (syntonic) element, and the disruptive (dystonic) element

In every 'life stage, there is an interaction of conflicts, the __________________.

Infancy

It is the psychosocial development from 0 - 18 months where feeding and comfort is an important events.

Early Childhood

It is the psychosocial development from 2to 3 y.o. where toilet training or dressing are important events.

Preschool

It is the psychosocial development from 3 to 5 y.o. where exploration or play are important events.

School Age

It is the psychosocial development from 6 to 11 y.o. where school or activities are important events.

Adolescence

It is the psychosocial development from 12 to 18 y.o. where social relationships or identity are important events.

Young Adult

It is the psychosocial development from 19 to 40 y.o. where intimate relationships are important events.

Middle Adulthood

It is the psychosocial development from 40 to 65 y.o. where work and parenthood are important events.

Maturity

It is the psychosocial development from 65 to death where reflection of life are important events.

Erik Erikson

He viewed human nature as capable of achieving basic strengths, resolving conflicts in a positive way, and taking control of our own development.

heredity, learning and social interactions

He believed that ________ plays only a minor role in shaping an individual's personality and that it is more likely to be Influenced by _______________.

Carl Rogers

_____________ was an influential American humanistic psychologist. He is one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy.

Real Self and Ideal Self

Rogers emphasizes that the self is divided into two categories: ______________

Real Self

This is our true self. This is who and what we really are. This self may be an imperfect one, but certainly, it is the most real part.

Ideal Self

This is the self we wish to be, we strive to be, and what we feel we are expected to be. We tend to accommodate other expectations because we believe that we will be more liked and loved if we do.

Self-Image, Self-Esteem, Ideal Self

Rogers contended that self-concept is composed of three elements: ___________________.

self-image

It is how you see yourself based on your strengths and weaknesses. How you think and feel about your appearance, your task performance, and your social relationships consistently affect your self-image.

Self-esteem

It refers to the positive and negative feelings you have about yourself.

bullying, increased social comparisons, and prejudice or racism

Overly high self-esteem, however, can have a negative effect. Possible links to high self-esteem are __________________

psychological suffering, including anxiety, depression, and suicide.

Low self-esteem has its downside. It has been linked to _____________________.

Ideal self

It is based on one's hopes and wishes based on how a person would like to become. If there is a big gap between how you see yourself and what you would like to become, it will somehow affect how you svalue yourself.