Chapter 8

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9 Terms

1

bivariate correlation

an association that involves exactly two variables

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2

effect size

the strength of a relationship between two more more variables

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3

statistically significant

a correlation that is unlikely to have come from a population in which the association is zero

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4

restriction of range

this can occur if there is not a full range of scores on one of the variables in the association, so the correlation appears smaller than it really is

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5

curvilinear relationship

a relationship between two variables that is not a straight line

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6

the directionality problem

states the method must ensure that the cause variable preceded the effect variable

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7

the third-variable problem

states that there must be no plausible alternative explanation for the relationship between the two variables

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8

spurious relationship

the bivariate correlation is there, but only because of some third variable

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9

moderator

when the relationship between two variables changes depending on the level of another variable, the other variable is called this

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