BILD 1 UCSD

Natural Selection

A mechanism of evolutionary adaptation.

Cell

A self-contained collection of aqueous reactions and processes that takes up material from the environment, converts material to energy and produces exact replicas of itself.

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

What are the three domains of life?

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Emergent Properties

New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.

Ex: Bicycle parts v Bicycle put together

Example of a unicellular prokaryotic organism

Bacteria, Archaea

Example of Multicellular Prokaryotic organism

(Aggregate Colonies)

Example of Unicellular Eukaryotic organism (Any)

Protists

Algae: Chlorophyta (Green Algae)

Fungi: Candida

Hydrogen Bond

a type of weak chemical bond formed between the slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the slightly negatively charged atoms of another. Holds DNA.

Give an example of how an environment affects the strength of ionic bonds.

In water, ionic bonds are weaker due to the slightly positively charged Hydrogen atoms. It forces hydrophobic groups together which ultimately minimizes the effects on the hydrogen-bonded water network.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Non-Covalent Bond

Chemical association that does not involve the sharing of electrons; singly are relatively weak, but can sum together to produce strong, highly specific interactions between molecules.

Ex: Hydrogen Bonds, Ionic Bonds

Hydrophilic

Having an affinity for water; dissolve easily in water because of the favorable interactions of the electronegativity of H and O atoms.

Hydrophobic

Having an aversion to water; substances that contain mostly non-polar bonds.

Hydrophobic Effect

the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in aqueous solution and exclude water molecules.

It is the driving force for protein structure.

Solution

A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Solvent

The dissolving agent of a solution

Solute

The substance that is dissolved.

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

An example of of an ionic substance that is hydrophilic and the reason why it is.

Sodium Chloride: The water molecules are attracted to the positive, Sodium (NA+), or negative, Chlorine (CL-), charge of each ion.

Give an example of a hydrophobic molecule.

Hydrocarbon

What are the four main molecules of life?

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Proteins